In the Ginzburg-Landau model for superconductivity a large Ginzburg-Landau parameter κ corresponds to the formation of tight, stable vortices. These vortices are located where an applied magnetic field pierces the superconducting bulk, and each vortex induces a quantized supercurrent about the vortex. The energy of large-κ solutions blows up near each vortex which brings about difficulties in a...

Motivated by the recent successes of particle models in capturing the precession and interactions of vortex structures in quasi-two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates, we revisit the relevant systems of ordinary differential equations. We consider the number of vortices N as a parameter and explore the prototypical configurations ('ground states') that arise in the case of few or many vortic...

Our interest in vortices arises for two reasons. Firstly, at moderate to large Reynolds numbers (at least 100) which characterise flow in larger arteries, vortices are quite persistent. The presence of vortices in a flow may exert a strong influence on its behaviour, although tracking vortices may be difficult as they can evolve rapidly. The effects of vortices or vortical structures are partic...

Center vortices provide an appealing picture of confinement [1]. When center vortices are removed from the Yang-Mills ensemble, the string tension [2] and the quark condensate [3] are lost. Therefore one should expect that center vortices can also explain spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. The mechanism of spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry seems to be tied to the topological propert...

In this brief review we summarize a number of recent developments in the study of vortices in Bose–Einstein condensates, a topic of considerable theoretical and experimental interest in the past few years. We examine the generation of vortices by means of phase imprinting, as well as via dynamical instabilities. Their stability is subsequently examined in the presence of purely magnetic trappin...

Linear defects are generic in continuous media. In quantum systems they appear as topological line defects which are associated with a circulating persistent current. In relativistic quantum vacuum they are known as cosmic strings, in superconductors as quantized flux lines, and in superfluids and low-density atomic Bose-Einstein condensates as quantized vortex lines. We discuss unconventional ...

We consider minimizers of a Ginzburg-Landau energy with a discontinuous and rapidly oscillating pinning term, subject to a Dirichlet boundary condition of degree d > 0. The pinning term models an unbounded number of small impurities in the domain. We prove that for strongly type II superconductor with impurities, minimizers have exactly d isolated zeros (vortices). These vortices are of degree ...

We examined the distribution of vortices in both Bi-2223 Ag-sheathed tape and U-doped Bi-2223 Ag-sheathed tape applying the high-resolution Bitter method. In the low temperature region ( ), we found that the vortices in the undoped Bi-2223 Ag-sheathed tape developed into either a triangular arrangement or a heterogeneous arrangement along the grain boundaries of the Ag sheath, which form weak p...

Recent experiments and simulations have observed that the interaction of strong vortices with a low vorticity background can strongly affect the dynamics of both vortices and background. This paper considers an idealized model of this interaction. The background is treated as a patch of uniform vorticity with a nearly circular shape. The strong vortices are treated as point vortices, and their ...

We study discrete vortices in the anti-continuum limit of the discrete two-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. The discrete vortices in the anti-continuum limit represent a finite set of excited nodes on a closed discrete contour with a non-zero topological charge. Using the Lyapunov–Schmidt reductions, we find sufficient conditions for continuation and termination of the discret...