The first cross-national study of the value of children (VOC) took place in the 1970s and aimed to detect the perceived costs and benefits of having children for parents, explain the influence of VOC on fertility behavior and the influence of industrialization/modernization and Eastern vs. Western traditions on VOC and fertility behavior (Arnold et al., 1975; Fawcett, 1972; Hoffman, 1987; Hoffm...

Ozone is an internationally recognized criteria air pollutant, and remains a major concern despite more than 25 years of regulation at the national level. A method developed by Derwent and coworkers (1996, 1998) and initially applied in the United Kingdom (UK), was to define POCPs (photochemical ozone creation potentials), as a means of ranking, in a semi-quantitative way, the contributions of ...

The separation of concerns (SOC), as a conceptual tool, enables us to manage the complexity of software systems that we develop. The benefits of this paradigm, such as reuse, enhanced quality and adaptability, have been key drivers of its adoption. Modern software systems and applications take advantage of the technologies built around this paradigm, in which a client program can access differe...

The sensitivity of ozone production to precursor emissions was investigated under five different meteorological conditions in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO field campaign using the gridded photochemical model CAMx driven by observation-nudged WRF meteorology. Precursor emissions were constrained by the comprehensive data from the field campaign and the ro...

Employing IT as the key enable technology, virtual organization (VO) is primarily characterized as being a network of independent, geographically dispersed organizations (member organization) providing electronic services via Internet. To align these services effectively, one of the main challenges is to model cooperation in VO and provide correspondent management tools. Here we present a VOC (...

UNLABELLED Although widely used in air quality regulatory frameworks, the term "volatile organic compound" (VOC) is poorly defined. Numerous standardized tests are currently used in regulations to determine VOC content (and thus volatility), but in many cases the tests do not agree with each other, nor do they always accurately represent actual evaporation rates under ambient conditions. The pa...

A wide array of volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements was conducted in the Valley of Mexico during the MCMA-2002 and 2003 field campaigns. Study sites included locations in the urban core, in a heavily industrial area and at boundary sites in rural landscapes. In addition, a novel mobile-laboratory-based conditional sampling method was used to collect samples dominated by fresh on-road v...

In this paper volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from durum wheat cultivars and landraces were analyzed using PTR-TOF-MS. The aim was to characterize the VOC's profile of the wholemeal flour and of the kernel to find out if any VOCs were specific to varieties and sample matrices. The VOC data is accompanied by SDS-PAGE analyses of the storage proteins (gliadins and glutenins). Statistical analys...

This paper analyses an insurance contract of the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, VOC) initiated in 1613. As this contract is an early example of risk management, we try to understand its motivation from recent insights in risk management theory of Froot, Scharfstein and Stein (The Journal of Finance 48, 1993, 1629-1658), in which growth opportunities and costly exte...

This research analyzes thequalitative and quantitative behavior of aerosol dynamics resulting from the control of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by calculating detailed pollutant isopleths. Several emission scenarios are evaluated using various norms to study the nonlinear impact of control strategies. The modeling episode studied is the Southern California A...