Infection of cattle by bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) can lead to upper respiratory tract disorders, conjunctivitis, genital disorders and immune suppression. BHV-1-induced immune suppression initiates bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), which costs the US cattle industry approximately 3 billion dollars annually. BHV-1 encodes at least three proteins that can inhibit specific arms of ...

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) uses latency in peripheral ganglia to persist in its human host, however, recurrent reactivation from this reservoir can cause debilitating and potentially life-threatening disease. Most studies of latency use live-animal infection models, but these are complex, multilayered systems and can be difficult to manipulate. Infection of cultured primary neurons provides...

From marker rescue, sequencing, transcript, and latency analyses of the thymidine kinase-negative herpes simplex virus mutant dlsactk and studies using the thymidine kinase inhibitor Ro 31-5140, we infer that the virus-encoded thymidine kinase is required in murine trigeminal ganglia for acute replication and lytic gene expression, for increasing the numbers of cells expressing latency-associat...

Studies of varicella-zoster virus gene expression during latency require the acquisition of human ganglia at autopsy. Concerns have been raised that the virus might reactivate immediately after death. Because features of varicella-zoster virus latency are similar in primate and human ganglia, we examined virus gene expression in tissues either processed immediately or kept at 4°C for 30 h befor...

The latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene the only herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gene abundantly transcribed during neuronal latency, is essential for efficient in vivo reactivation. Whether LAT increases reactivation by a direct effect on the reactivation process or whether it does so by increasing the establishment of latency, thereby making more latently infected neurons available f...

Enhanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immunity may be required for HIV eradication. Administration of autologous, ex vivo expanded, virus-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes derived from HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (HXTCs) are a powerful tool for proof-of-concept studies. Broadly specific, polyclonal HXTCs resulting from ex vivo expansion demonstrate...

background : despite the high incidence and prevalence of cts, there is no exclusive data about normal values increment of motor and sensory distal latencies of median nerve at wrist according to age. this research was done in electrodiagnosis lab of physical medicine & rehabilitation ward in nemazi hospital in shiraz between 1374-1379. material and methods : this study was performed on 1200 ca...