conclusions using the maximum dose depth from pdd curves and the inverse square law, the required ssdeff to calculate the dose distribution of the electron beam can be calculated. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the effective source-surface distance (ssdeff) of an electron linear accelerator (linac), and its dependence on energy and depth. materials and methods a varian linac ...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the initial electron beam parameters for Monte Carlo model of 6MV photon beam produced by Siemens Oncor® linear accelerator.   Materials and Methods: In this study, the EGSnrc Monte Carlo user codes BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc were used. The beamnrc code were used for modelling of a 6 MV photon beam produced by...

To be immersed in a virtual environment, the user must be presented with plausible sensory input including auditory cues. A virtual (three-dimensional) audio display aims to allow the user to perceive the position of a sound source at an arbitrary position in three-dimensional space despite the fact that the generated sound may be emanating from a fixed number of loudspeakers at fixed positions...

To evaluate the amount of energy deposited in radiosensitive organs and tissues human body, when an anthropomorphic phantom is irradiated, researchers numerical dosimetry use so-called exposure computational models (ECMs). One can imagine ECM as a virtual scene composed mathematically defined position relation to radioactive source. The source these ECMs produces initial state simulation: posit...

At ICAD'96, a real-time virtual audio reality model was presented, which included model-based sound synthesizers, geometric room acoustics modeling, binaural auralization for headphone and loudspeaker listening, and high-quality animation. The DIVA environment is an integrated implementation of a virtual reality system currently aiming at a virtual symphony orchestra performance. In the current...

Spatial audio aims to recreate or synthesize spatial attributes when reproducing audio over loudspeakers or headphones. Such spatial attributes include, for example, locations of perceived sound sources and an auditory sense of space. This thesis focuses on new methods of spatial audio for loudspeaker listening and on measuring the quality of spatial audio by subjective and objective tests. In ...

Movement detection for a virtual sound source was measured during the listener's horizontal head rotation. Listeners were instructed to do head rotation at a given speed. A trial consisted of two intervals. During an interval, a virtual sound source was presented 60° to the right or left of the listener, who was instructed to rotate the head to face the sound image position. Then in one of a pa...

The appearance of different social media has been very influential in individuals’ life. The most common social networks are virtual social networks which have been fascinated by many users because of a lot of similarities with human society, and communications and interactions which are formed in it. This study investigates the role of membership and participation in virtual social network on ...