Recent notions about the vigour of responding in operant conditioning suggest that the long-run average rate of reward should control the alacrity of action in cases in which the actual cost of speed is balanced against the opportunity cost of sloth. The average reward rate is suggested as being reported by tonic activity in the dopamine system and thereby influencing all actions, including one...

Quality of seeds of three cultivars (IPSA Seem-2, BU Seem-3 and IPSA Seem5) of lablab bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) collected from crops planted in three different dates (15 May, 15 July, and 15 September 2003) was assessed in respect of different parameters. The maximum percentage of seeds of cv. IPSA Seem-2 was germinated (95.67) whereas, BU Seem-3 had the maximum electrical conductivity (...

The results of present investigation revealed that among the different potting media treatments, M1: Vermiculite + Garden soil Sand was found to be most beneficial for improving took days germination, germination percentage, height seedling, number leaves seedling-1, stem diameter, primary roots length (cm), secondary roots, fresh and dry shoots weight, seed vigor index – I II leaf area (cm). I...

Aim: The study focused on softwood grafting techniques using low-cost poly tunnel, shade net and house condition facilities.
 Study Design: Split plot design technique was employed for data gathering.
 Place Duration of Study: experiment carried out at the department Plantation, Spices, Medicinal Aromatic crops, Kittur Rani Channamma College Horticulture, Arabhavi, Karnataka during ye...

Silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is one of the widely used nanoparticles because their antimicrobial properties. In this present study, effect green synthesized silver and bulk form (AgNO3) at different concentrations (250, 500, 750 1000 ppm) on seed quality parameters groundnut were studied. using Azadirachta indica leaves characterized by Dynamic light scattering, UV- Vis FTIR spectrum. Size, zeta...

BACKGROUND Proximal cytoplasmic droplets (PCDs), a remnant of germ cell cytoplasm, are common non-specific morphological defects in bovine semen. This study evaluated the effect of higher percentages of PCDs on the quality of frozen-thawed bovine semen, embryo production and early embryo development. METHODS Three ejaculates from each of five (group 1: PCD ≤ 1%, control) and eight adult Bos i...

Production of high quality seeds in African leafy vegetables has not been practiced due to varying reasons including incorrect harvesting stages and fertilizer rates. Jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) pods do not ripen simultaneously and fruits left to dry on mother plant long before harvesting, which face seed quality deterioration. Timely seed harvesting ensures maximum seed quality attrib...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root traits can be selected for crop improvement. Techniques such as soil excavations can be used to screen root traits in the field, but are limited to genotypes that are well-adapted to field conditions. The aim of this study was to compare a low-cost, high-throughput root phenotyping (HTP) technique in a controlled environment with field performance, using oilseed rape (O...