Vesico ureteral reflux is the abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the ureter and possibly the kidney. There are 2 types of reflux: Primary reflux – which is caused by a congenital abnormality at the ureterovesical junction Secondary reflux – occurs when high pressure in the bladder causes a breakdown of the normal antireflux mechanism at the ureterovesical junction that occu...