Stratified hydrostatic fluids have linear internal gravity waves with different phase speeds and vertical profiles. Here a simplified set of partial differential equations (PDE) is derived to represent the nonlinear dynamics of waves with different vertical profiles. The equations are derived by projecting the full nonlinear equations onto the vertical modes of two gravity waves, and the result...

In this work the spectra based model of the correlation between lidar systems and wind turbines is extended from rotor-effective wind speed only, to rotor-effective wind speed and linear horizontal and vertical shear components. This is achieved by the incorporation of a model based wind field reconstruction method solving a set of linear equations with the least-squares method. The model allow...

Large-scale nonlinear simulations of Jupiter's 5-micron hot spots produce long-lived coherent structures that cause subsidence in local regions, explaining the low cloudiness and the dryness measured by the Galileo probe inside a hot spot. Like observed hot spots, the simulated coherent structures are equatorially confined, have periodic spacing, propagate west relative to the flow, are general...

The usefulness of displaying vertical wind shear on a radar range height indicator is demonstrated. Fine structure in the pattern of shear is shown to be helpful for inferring general flow patterns and the occurrence of billows due to shearing (Kelvin–Helmholtz) instability. Corresponding author address: Prof. Keith A. Browning, Joint Centre for Mesoscale Meteorology, Department of Meteorology,...

Wind shear, which refers to sudden and sustained changes in the wind direction and speed, could be hazardous to aviation. Windshear is rather difficult to predict due to its transient and sporadic nature. Moreover, the causes of wind shear may be different at different airports. In some places it is caused by microbursts, while in other places wind shear may result from meso-scale weather pheno...

The HYSPLIT_4 (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model is designed for quick response to atmospheric emergencies, diagnostic case studies, or climatological analyses using previously gridded meteorological data. Calculations may be performed sequentially on multiple meteorological grids, going from fine to coarse resolution using either archive or forecast data fields. Ai...

It is known that gravity waves in the troposphere, which are often excited by preexisting convection, can favor or suppress the formation of new convection. Here it is shown that, in the presence of wind shear or barotropic wind, the gravity waves can create a more favorable environment on one side of preexisting convection than the other side. Both the nonlinear and linear analytic models deve...