A general formulation of cultural and genetic transmission is developed. The cultural transmission is vertical and the genetics may involve multiple loci. Each individual is represented by a phenogenotype, and conditions are given under which the evolutionary dynamics of phenogenotype frequencies are reducible to phenogametic or phenoallelic frequencies. The interaction between genes and cultur...

Dairy cow performance is affected by both the nutritional composition and physical structure of diet. The total mixed rations (TMR) largely depends on ingredient forage, dry matter (DM) content, mixing time type mixer used. This study investigated feed intake, eating time, milk production, DM digestibility, ruminal pH, budget, sorting antagonistic behaviours in lactating dairy cows fed grass/cl...

We have discovered that, in certain crosses of natural isolates of Neurospora intermedia, linear and circular mitochondrial plasmids of the maternal parent are not transmitted to the progeny. This contrasts with the maternal transmission of organellar genetic elements generally observed in crosses between laboratory strains and between other natural isolates. Formally, failure of plasmid transm...

We demonstrate a 3D conductive coupling mechanism for the efficient generation of prominent and robust Fano resonances in 3D metamaterials (MMs) formed by integrating vertical U-shape split-ring resonators (SRRs) or vertical rectangular plates along a planar metallic hole array with extraordinary optical transmission (EOT). In such a configuration, intensified vertical E-field is induced along ...

A sliding camera travelling along a line segment s in a polygon P can see a point p in P if and only if p lies on a line segment contained in P that intersects s at a right angle. The objective of the minimum sliding cameras (MSC) problem is to guard P with the fewest sliding cameras possible, each of which is a horizontal or vertical line segment. In this paper, we give an O(n)-time 3-approxim...

A final size relation is derived for a general class of epidemic mod els, including models with multiple susceptible classes. The derivation depends on an explicit formula for the basic reproduction number of a general class of disease transmission models, which is extended to calculate the basic reproduction number in models with vertical transmission. Applications are given to specific models...

One of the most important modes of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in areas where it is not endemic is vertical transmission: from mother to child. The objective of this report is to assess the efficacy of different programmes of serological screening to monitor infection with T. cruzi in pregnant Latin American women living in Madrid (Spain). To achieve this, a retrospective study ...