Address for Correspondence: Dr. Seema, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab, India. E-Mail: [email protected] Background Atlas is the first cervical vertebra articulating above with the occipital condyles of the skull and below with the axis vertebra. Anatomy of this first cervical vertebra show great morpholog...

Thirty-seven patients suffering from vertigo associated with vertebrobasilar insufficiency participated in our prospective, single-center, double-blind, comparative study. Patients were randomly allocated to treatment with placebo; betahistine (12 mg betahistine dimesylate, one tablet three times daily); or the fixed combination of 20 mg cinnarizine and 40 mg dimenhydrinate (one tablet three ti...

Background. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) is a hemodynamic posterior circulation transient ischemic attack (TIA) caused by intermittent vertebral artery occlusion that is induced by a head rotation or extension. VBI may result from large vessel atherosclerotic disease, dissection, cervical compressive lesions, and subclavian steal phenomenon. Diagnostic transcranial Doppler (TCD) of VBI d...

VERTEBROBASILAR ischemia is a common disorder which is now frequently diagnosed by medical students, house officers, practitioners, and consultants alike. Although brainstem softening was recognized in the 19th century, the underlying pathology was not understood until the classic report of Kubik and Adams in 1946.' These authors called attention to the clinical features in patients discovered ...

STUDY DESIGN A systematic review of diagnostic accuracy studies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the premanipulative vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) tests. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The aim of premanipulative vertebrobasilar testing is to evaluate the adequacy of blood supply to the brain, by compressing the vertebral artery and examining for the onset of signs and sym...

To determine the hemodynamic and clinical consequences of an atherosclerotic obstructive lesion of the innominate artery on the cerebral circulation, 20 patients with an innominate artery lesion underwent neurologic examination and ultrasonic duplex scanning before and after right arm exercise. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, 12 patients with 40-80% stenosis and Group 2, eig...

Although the most common aetiology of transient vertebrobasilar insufficiency is atherosclerosis, a similar syndrome may occasionally be produced by cervical osteophytes. The possibility of such a remedial lesion makes further investigation mandatory in such patients-especially if symptoms are associated with sudden movements of the head or neck. When vertebral compression results from osteophy...

Two patients with previous brain stem infarction and current symptoms of vascular insufficiency in the basilar circulation had evidence of vertebral artery occlusive disease. Angiography demonstrated ostial stenosis of the dominant right vertebral artery and retrograde flow down the left vertebral artery to the level of the transverse process of C2 in the first case and to the level of a severe...

Headache and Transient Ischemic A Hacks • Headache occurring in association with episodes of transient cerebral ischemia has not been emphasized as part of the symptom complex. In an effort to ascertain the frequency and characteristics of these headaches and to determine whether there is any localizing, diagnostic, or prognostic significance to them, the records of 240 TIA patients were review...