This paper discusses some of the issues that have to be addressed for a systematic treatment of vernacular mathematics. In vernacular proofs, variable letters are introduced and used in a way that does not conform to the usual interpretation offered for referring expressions in the formal semantics of natural language (Kamp and Reyle, 1993; Kamp, 1981; Heim, 1982; Groenendijk and Stokhof, 1990;...

The history of the Swiss chalet is a history of recycled form. This paper considers the nature of the chalet as a vernacular building type, its appropriation beginning in the eighteenth century within picturesque theory and high-style architecture in England and America, and its eventual return to the vernacular in the form of the early-twentieth-century bungalow. The goal of the paper is to ex...

The Liber uricrisiarum in Wellcome MS 225 (hereafter, MS 225), a uroscopic treatise in Middle English that cites the De urinis by Isaac Judaeus as its principal source, ' exemplifies the sort of vernacular medical literature produced in abundance in late fourteenthand early fifteenth-century England that relies heavily on learned medical literature for its content.' Especially striking in the L...

according to statistics, in 2009 iran’s oil and gas consumption were 1.4 and 3.1 times higher than the world average and during 1998 to 2008 residential sector accounted for 42% of the total energy consumption in the country. as hot-humid climate is the most severe climate across the world, climatic consideration must be incorporated in design of the new dwellings in this area. over the centuri...

Vernacular architecture based on bioclimatism concepts was developed and used through the centuries by many civilizations across the world. Different civilizations have produced their own architectural styles based on the local conditions. This study is carried out on the vernacular buildings of north-east India across all the bioclimatic zones. A survey of 42 houses, more than 70 years old was...

Vernacular architecture has always had appropriate answer in conformity with the environment and climate. This paper has considered values of Iran vernacular urbanization and architecture in humid and moderate climate looking through sustainability and sustainable development concepts. Gorgan city has been studied using laboratory studies and available sources and relying on the content analysi...

This paper argues that glossing is an essential stage in the borrowing of writing systems. I use the term “glossing” in a somewhat extended sense to refer to a process where a text in one language is prepared (annotated, marked) to be read in another. I argue that this process of “vernacular reading” – reading a text written in the script, orthography, lexicon and grammar of a more prestigious ...

Traditional life in Indonesia is significantly related to spoken culture from the older generation young age. This condition unconsciously shows a risk of void space when there disconnected generation. Only small number written documentation and drawings exist for Vernacular Architecture or Nusantara. Tazo one several villages Riung district, Flores island, Nusa Tenggara Timur province, Indones...

Lamin Pamung Tawai is the vernacular house of Dayak Kenyah tribe living on Samarinda City's outskirts. Along with development times and flow globalization, local or regional culture displaced. This research was conducted so that there documentation Tawai. In addition, raising values ​​of wisdom contained in construction this can be a lesson for academics, architects, government, society, especi...