To solve the problem that the parameters in grey neural network (GNN) are difficult to determine, the improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) algorithm is employed to search the optimums by the introduction of a threshold of velocity. When the particle velocity is less than the threshold, an accelerated momentum is applied on the particle to reinitialize the particle velocity and position. ...

Particle image velocimetry and a 3D hard sphere discrete particle model were applied to determine particle velocity profiles in the plane around a spout in a spoutfluid bed for various initial bed heights, spout and background fluidization velocities. Comparison between experimental and numerical results revealed that the particle velocities are underestimated by particle image velocimetry, whi...

In this paper we have studied the migration of a colloidal particle under the influence of an external electric field in an electrolyte solution. The colloidal particle is considered to be rigid or a composite particle. The composite particle, the “soft particle”, consist an inner hard core coated with a concentric porous layer containing uniformly distributed fixed charges. Situations in which...

In this paper, the transient settling dynamics of a spherical particle sedimenting in a linearly stratified fluid is investigated by performing fully resolved direct numerical simulations. The settling behaviour is quantified for different values of Reynolds, Froude and Prandtl numbers. It is demonstrated that the transient settling dynamics is correlated to the induced Lagrangian drift of flow...

Functionally graded aluminium/zirconia metal matrix composite was fabricated using stir casting technique followed by horizontal centrifugal casting process and a hollow cylindrical functionally graded composite (150 x 150 x 16 mm) was obtained with centrifuging speed of 1200 rpm. The microstructural evaluation and hardness test was carried out on the outer and inner surface of the functionally...

Velocity errors in particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) are studied. When using high-speed video cameras, the velocity error may increase at a high camera frame rate. This increase in velocity error is due to particle-position uncertainty, which is one of the two sources of velocity errors studied here. The other source of error is particle acceleration, which has the opposite trend of diminishi...