this paper presents a formulation of unit commitment for thermal units integrated with wind and solar energy systems and electrical vehicles with emphasizing on mixed integer nonlinear programming (minlp). the renewable energy resources are included in this model due to their low electricity cost and positive effect on environment. as well as, coordinated charging strategy of electrical vehicle...

distribution is one of the most important topics in industrial engineering and logistics and supply chain that all organizations are dealing with it in the upper echelons and are looking for the optimum distribution of resources and equipment among the echelon. generally, it is seen that organizations cannot have a good distribution if there is not a suitable criterion for the distribution of e...

Cantor and Land (1985) developed a theoretical model that proposed two pathways through which economic activity - as indexed by the aggregate unemployment rate - could affect the rate of criminal activity. The first is by increasing levels of criminal motivation within the population as deteriorating economic conditions affect social strain and social control; the second is by influencing the a...

Anthropogenic disturbances of wildlife, such as noise, human presence, hunting activity, and motor vehicles, are becoming an increasing concern in conservation biology. Fireworks are an important part of celebrations worldwide, and although humans often find fireworks spectacular, fireworks are probably perceived quite differently by wild animals. Behavioral responses to fireworks are difficult...

In Sweden the use of daytime running lights (DRL) was made mandatory on 1 October 1977 for all motor vehicles at once, during all seasons and for all areas. According to a study conducted by Andersson and Nilsson (1981) [Andersson and Nilsson. VTI Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute, Report No. 208A; 1981] the introduction of DRL resulted in a reduction of 11% of multiple accidents du...

[1] The evolution of engine-generated chemiions in a vehicle tailpipe or in a sampling transfer line is studied and the key parameters controlling chemiion concentration at the exit plane are investigated. We find that the observed higher number concentration but smaller size of nuclei mode particles associated with shorter transfer line residence time, enhanced nanoparticle emission associated...

Road classification systems are the basis for defining function and, in turn, the design criteria for the world’s street networks. The traditional classification systems have been based on the mobility and access functions of roads for motor vehicle traffic. Other road users and road uses have been largely ignored in this important step of the road design process. This article describes alterna...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether pedestrian countdown signals (PCS) reduce pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in the city of Toronto, Canada. METHODS A quasi-experimental study design was used to evaluate the effect of PCS on the number of pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in the city of Toronto, from January 2000 to December 2009. Each intersection acted as its own control. We compared the ...

Transportation is the driving force of any country. Today we are facing an explosion in the number of motor vehicles that affects our daily routines. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) aim to provide efficient tools that solve traffic problems. Predicting route congestions during different day periods can help drivers choose better routes for their trips. In this paper we propose “HITS” a...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research is to describe the leading circumstances of military vehicle crashes to guide prioritization and implementation of crash avoidance and/or warning technologies. METHODS A descriptive study using narrative text analysis on 3,944 military vehicle crash narratives. Crash data on drivers, from 2001 to 2006, were assembled from the U.S. Army Combat Readines...