In one of the most frequently quoted passages in the history of emotion research, William James (1884: 189f) announces that emotions occur when the perception of an exciting fact causes a collection of bodily changes, and “our feeling of the same changes as they occur IS the emotion.” The same idea occurred to Carl Lange (1984) around the same time. These authors were not the first to draw a li...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a potential mediator of gastrointestinal vasodilatation during digestion. To determine whether CCK influences sympathetic vasomotor function, we examined the effect of systemic CCK administration on mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), lumbar sympathetic nerve discharge (LSND), splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SSND), and the discharge of presympat...

BACKGROUND We developed a bionic technology for the treatment of baroreflex failure and tested its efficacy in restoration of arterial pressure against head-up tilt (HUT) in rats with baroreflex failure. METHODS AND RESULTS The bionic baroreflex system (BBS) was a negative feedback system controlled by a computer, the artificial vasomotor center. It sensed systemic arterial pressure (SAP) thr...