Background: With increasing use of invasive diagnostic and interventional procedures in cardio-vascular disease, it is important to fi nd out type and frequencies of vascular variations. Variations in the course, branching and distribution of carotid arteries are commonly encountered. Material & Method: In the present study we have observed variations of the branching pattern of external caroti...

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic loci as being associated with vascular diseases or traits and their risk factors. Many of the loci uncovered represent novel discoveries with no obvious candidate genes and molecular mechanisms, testifying to the complexity of vascular diseases. To understand the functional consequences of genetic variations and help pin...

Developmental vascular anomalies of the head and neck may give rise to profound esthetic problems that are a challenge to treat. These vascular anomalies may also be of significance in dentistry, particularly where extractions have to be carried out. This brief report describes a number of children who presented with different variations of these anomalies.

A knowledge of the variations of renal vascular anatomy has importance in exploration and treatment of renal trauma, renal transplantation, renovascular hypertension, renal artery embolization, angioplasty or vascular reconstruction for congenital and acquired lesions, surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm and conservative or radical renal surgery (Sampaio & Aragão,1990; Satyapal et al., 1999; ...