Following the rising spate of debt profile Nigeria and fluctuating trend in her macroeconomic indicators, this study critically examined impact external on economic growth period, 1985 to 2019 by examining causality between stock identify servicing Nigeria. The employed Harrod-Domar theory Two-Gap model as theoretical framework explain made use secondary data sourced from World Development Indi...

this paper, i have focused on the tax side of the fiscal policy to  investigate the past and future behavior of fiscal sustainability in iran. to do so, i have employed two different forward-looking and backward-looking approaches. first, the backward-looking approach is the fiscal policy rule proposed by daving & leeper (2011). precisely, this rule determines that whether the fiscal policy is ...

The debate about whether Canada should seek some form of monetary integration with the United States is surveyed. It is argued that the choice here is among overall monetary orders, rather than among exchange rate regimes considered in isolation, with particular attention needing to be paid to questions of the credibility of policy and the accountability of policy makers. Canada’s recent econom...

Gravity-based cross-sectional evidence indicates that currency unions stimulate trade; crosssectional evidence indicates that trade stimulates output. This paper estimates the effect that currency union has, via trade, on output per capita. We use economic and geographic data for over 200 countries to quantify the implications of currency unions for trade and output, pursuing a two-stage approa...

In light of the longstanding vision of economic and monetary integration in the ASEAN region and the importance of coordinating monetary policies to achieve it, the objective of this paper is to the assess the monetary policy synchronization among the founding members of the ASEAN, i.e., Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Due to the importance of exchange rate movements t...

Already before the final introduction of the single European currency there have been negotiations on a further enlargement of the Eurozone to the East. The accession of 10 Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) to Euroland is likely to be realised within the next 10 years and it is an important issue to assess whether these candidates are better or worse suitable for EMU membership than...

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Working Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. Growth-indexed bonds have been suggested as a way of reducing...

How does the sovereign credit ratings history provided by independent ratings agencies affect domestic financial sector development and international capital inflows to emerging countries? We address this question utilizing a comprehensive dataset of sovereign credit ratings from Standard and Poor’s from 1995-2003 for a cross-section of 51 emerging markets. Within a panel data estimation framew...

In this paper, we address the question that does FDI alone affect economic growth or interaction of FDI and human capital is required to boost economic growth. We develop the model with an expanding variety of products. We estimate the model using some advanced tests utilizing data on FDI flows from developed countries. We find stronger complementary effects between FDI and human capital on the...

A time series model is presented that uses historical project information to predict the number of future defects, given the number of proposed features and improvements to be completed. This allows for hypothetical release plans to be compared by assessing their predicted impact on testing and defect-fixing time. We selected the VARX time series model as a reasonable approach. The accuracy of ...