A method to perform bosonization of a fermionic theory in (1 + 1) dimensions in a path integral framework is developed. The method relies exclusively on the path integral property of allowing variable shifts, and does not depend on the explicit form of Greens functions. Two examples, the Schwinger model and the massless Thirring model, are worked out. PACS numbers: 11.10.Kk; 11.15.Tk

Regular variation is an asymptotic property of functions and measures. The one variable theory is well–established, and has found numerous applications in both pure and applied mathematics. In this paper we present several new results on multivariable regular variation for functions and measures.

This is a book about induction and inductive inference. Since these terms may mean different things to different people, it is worth fixing at the outset what is meant by them here. Traditionally, induction has had a narrow meaning. At its narrowest, it refers to “induction by simple enumeration,” the inference from “Some As are B” to “All As are B.” This is an example of what is known as “ampl...

In striking contrast to simple polymer physics theory, which does not account for solvent effects, we find that physical confinement of solvated biopolymers decreases solvent entropy, which in turn leads to a reduction in the organized structural content of the polymer. Since our theory is based on a fundamental property of water-protein statistical mechanics, we expect it to have broad implica...

Fiber-reinforced laminated composites are frequently preferred in many engineering projects. With the development in production technology, the using of the fiber reinforced laminated composites has been increasing in engineering applications. In the production stage of the fiber-reinforced laminated composites, porosities could be occurred due to production or technical errors. After a level o...

In this paper dynamic analysis of multi-directional functionally graded panel is studied using a semi-analytical numerical method entitled the state-space based differential method (SSDQM) and comparative behavior modeling by artificial neural network (ANN) for different parameters. A semi-analytical approach which makes use the three-dimensional elastic theory and assuming the material propert...

Laguerre entire functions are the polynomials of a single complex variable possessing real nonpositive zeros only or their limits on compact subsets of C. These functions are employed to establish a property of isotropic (i.e., OðNÞ-invariant) probability measures on R , N 2 N. It is called the Lee–Yang property since, in the case N 1⁄4 1, it corresponds to the property of the partition functio...

This paper presents a parametric, two-dimensional random field with Markov properties and variable structure that is useful for statistically modeling ensembles of images and for generating pseudo-random images with desired stochastic and visual properties. The Variable Structure Random Field (VSRF) model has six parameters which provide a high degree of control over the random field statistics...