This work was aimed at; investigating a clean method of removing waste leaves from the stream, converting them into fatty acids, biodiesel feedstock, or upgrading to deoxygenated fuels for higher energy content. Waste Gmelina arborea were collected, cleaned, and pulverized with ceramic mortar pestle. A 50g thermally hydrolyzed over 0.75g H2SO4, NaOH, ZnCl2 catalysts 500mL distilled water on Gal...

The survival of threatened species as the European tree frog (Hyla arborea) is strongly dependent on the genetic variability within populations, as well as gene flow between them. In Switzerland, only two sectors in its western part still harbour metapopulations. The first is characterised by a very heterogeneous and urbanized landscape, while the second is characterised by a uninterrupted arra...

In contrast with mammals and birds, most poikilothermic vertebrates feature structurally undifferentiated sex chromosomes, which may result either from frequent turnovers, or from occasional events of XY recombination. The latter mechanism was recently suggested to be responsible for sex-chromosome homomorphy in European tree frogs (Hyla arborea). However, no single case of male recombination h...

A sensitive, selective and robust qualitative and quantitative densitometric high-performance thin layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of iridoid glycoside in the aerial part of Gambhari (Gmelina arborea). Iridoid gycoside 6-O-(2'',3''-dibenzoyl)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (IG) was used as a chemical marker for the standardization of G. arborea pl...

In vertebrates, several genes which are differentially expressed in various species, have been implicated in sex determination and gonadal differentiation. We used immunolocalization to study the expression pattern of three proteins AMH, DMRT1, RSPO1 involved in the sexual differentiation of gonads. The pattern of AMH, DMRT1 and RSPO1 expression was analyzed in X. laevis and in five other diver...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical constitution and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of dried leaves of four medicinally important herbs Ocimum sanctum, Mentha spicata, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Spinacia oleracea utilized in our routine diet along with one medicinal important tree Gmelina arborea. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents’ v...

Background Gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb), also known as white teak is a tropical deciduous tree native from moist tropical forests of Asia. It has been successfully introduced in equatorial Africa, as well as central and south America. Gmelina is known for its very fast growing rate, its intrinsic disease, fire and drought tolerance, as well as the quality of its wood which is suitable for dif...

Coral reefs provide a habitat for many marine organisms and support the safety, coastal protection, well-being, food economic security of hundreds millions people. The focus on coral species diversity cannot be overemphasized. One them, Astrogorgia, contains natural active substances, has important scientific research value application prospects. Most current substances genus Astrogorgia is bas...

Chemical examination of the aerial parts of Bocconia arborea (Papaveraceae), a plant used in traditional medicine, led to the characterization of (±)-6-acetonyldihydrosanguinarine (1), (±)-6acetonyldihydrochelerythrine (2), (±)-6-methoxydihydrochelerythrine (3), (±)-sanguidimerine (4), chelidimerine (5), and the novel constituents (±)-bocconarborine A ((6R,6’S + 6S ,6’R)-13-(6-hydrosanguinariny...

Breakfast in Keran Henderson’s household was always a lively affair. From 7.30am, as her two sons got ready for school, parents would arrive to drop off the children she was caring for until they were collected at tea time. For Keran, her friends say, looking after children was the key to who she was. She and her husband, Iain, a policeman, moved south to Iver Heath, Bucks, from Yorkshire in 19...