one of the methods for the improvement of soil against the tensile stresses is using the artificial supplements in soil such as metal belts or nets, polymer materials and natural fibers. technically this method is called the reinforced of soil.  when a pavement is located on soft soil, great deformations can occur as a result of the crossing of traffic load in superstructure layers of the body....

Nanoscale, vanadia-based, quasi-liquid films of self-selecting (equilibrium) thickness were observed on TiO2 surfaces in six ternary oxide systems (Ti–V–X–O; X = P, Na, K, Nb, Mo or W). It is demonstrated that the film appearance and thickness could be tailored via co-doping or changing the equilibration temperature. Furthermore, the observed discontinuous changes in film thickness, hysteresis ...

Fe3+-ion-exchanged delaminated pillared clays (PILCs) have been found previously to be more active than the vanadia-based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH3. The effects of acid treatment of the clay (before pillaring) and base treatments of the TiO2-PILC (before ion exchange) on the activities of the Fe–TiO2-PILC catalysts were studied. It was found that the acid tr...

Progress in rational engineering of Li-ion batteries requires better understanding of the electrochemical processes and accompanying transformations in the electrode materials on multiple length scales. In spite of recent progress in utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to analyze these materials, in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was mostly overlooked as a powerful tool th...