Mitochondria are the repository for various metabolites involved in diverse energy-generating processes, like the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides, which rely significantly on flavoenzymes, such as oxidases, reductases, and dehydrogenases. Flavoenzymes are functionally dependent on biologically active flavin adenine dinucleotide (...

Many genes in which mutations cause motor neuron disorders have been identified, helping to provide early diagnosis or prognosis to patients; but there is still no cure for any of these pathologies. Only symptomatic and supportive therapies can provide better quality of life and may extend survival in the most severe cases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this issue of Brain, Foley an...

Plants rely on “reserve” (stored) carbon (C) for growth and survival when newly synthesized C becomes limited. Besides a classic yet recalcitrant C reserve starch, fructans, a class of sucrosederived soluble fructosyl-oligosaccharides, represent a major store of C in many temperate plant species including the economically important Asteraceae and Poaceae families (Hendry, 1993). Dicots typicall...

background cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (cmtc) is a sporadic congenital skin vascular abnormality. significant number of patients has other congenital anomalies. case report we report a case of a preterm male newborn with cutis marmorata pattern presented on the skin of the face, right side of front of the trunk, whole back, glutei and both legs. besides, microretrognatia and asymm...

We propose a novel grating coupler design which is inherently reflectionles by focusing the reflecte light away from the entrance waveguide. The design rules for this reflectionles grating coupler are explained and the grating coupler design is investigated by means of 3D FDTD simulations for the case of a Silicon-on-Insulator based platform. References and links 1. D. Taillaert, W. Bogaerts, P...

ellis-van creveld sydrome (chondroectodermal dysplasia) is a hereditary form of short limb disproportionate dwarfism characterized by diffuse involvement of skeletal system and visceral organs. two brothers affected by this syndrome are presented here following a brief account of the disease's manifestations.

damage to essential facilities (e.g. lifelines and industrial facilities) due to extreme loads may cause remarkable indirect impact as well as direct physical loss. hence understanding seismic performance of essential facilities is very important in high seismic risk regions. on october 23, 2011 an earthquake of magnitude mw7.2 occurred in van province in eastern turkey. several damages occurre...

hypothyroidism is usually associated with delayed pubertal development but in rare occasions precocious puberty may ensue which is seen in cases of prolonged and untreated hypothyroidism. this is also called the van wyk grumbach syndrome. here we present 4 cases of precocious puberty due to hypothyroidism.

reaction mechanism among indoline-2,3-dione, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and (z)-2-(1-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)hydroxycarboxamide to form 1’-((((aminooxy)carbonyl)amino)methyl)-2’-(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2’-methyl-1’,2’,5’,6’,7’,7a’-hexahydrospiro[indoline-3,3’-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2-one was investigated using density functional theory (dft) at b3lyp basis theory. the three-...