The authors argue that commonly used ranking and rating methods of value surveys may have low validity in cross-cultural value comparisons because participants' reports about values can be affected by factors such as cultural differences in the meaning of particular value terms as well as the possibility that some value judgments are based on social comparison or deprivation rather than on any ...

User acceptance is a high priority for website design and implementation. Two significant, but largely separate, approaches to acceptability are: First, the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) has explored the measurement of technical features of a website to gauge its accessibility. Second, human judgments about acceptability are obtained from intended users or experts. The present work explore...

This research makes strides toward reconciling mixed findings in the value-behavior relation by positing that values are abstract representations of ideal end states that are more likely to influence behavior when individuals think abstractly (vs. concretely) and focus on high- (vs. low-) level motivations for interpreting their actions. In 6 experiments, the authors measured the importance of ...

Fractal curves were generated on square initiators and rated in terms of complexity by eight viewers. The stimuli differed in fractional dimension, recursion, and number of segments in their generators. Across six stimulus sets, recursion accounted for most of the variance in complexity judgments, but among stimuli with the most recursive depth, fractal dimension was a respectable predictor. Si...

In three experiments, we show that people respond differently when they make predictions as opposed to when they are asked to estimate the causal or the predictive value of cues: Their response to each of those three questions is based on different sets of information. More specifically, we show that prediction judgments depend on the probability of the outcome given the cue, whereas causal and...

Morality is a concept that is based on value judgments of ‘‘right” or ‘‘wrong” and ‘‘good” and ‘‘bad”. Three language-competent apes (two bonobos and a chimpanzee) are shown to use the symbols ‘‘good” and ‘‘bad” in appropriate contexts and to co-construct these values with the humans in their environment, indicating that the specific expression of value judgments is cultural. Their developmenta...

Michael Tye’s response to my “Grain” (Block 2012) and “Windows” (Block 2013) raises general metaphilosophical issues about the value of intuitions and judgments about one’s perceptions and the relations of those intuitions and judgments to empirical research, as well as specific philosophical issues about the relation between seeing, attention and de re thought. I will argue that Tye’s appeal t...

Decision analytic models rely upon the general principle of problem decomposition: Large and complex decision problems are reduced to a set of relatively simple judgments. The component judgments are then combined using mathematical rules derived from normative theory. This paper discusses the value of decomposition as a procedure for improving the consistency of decision making. Various defini...

We investigated the effects of ”personalness” in moral decision-making by examining judgments about moral dilemmas involving damage to owned property that varied in terms of their sentimental (i.e. personal) importance or monetary value. Participants responded to trolley-style dilemmas where an agent could save five objects from destruction by sacrificing a sixth object, either as a means or as...

The paper compares the various theses that have been offered about valueneutrality in economics and examines the main available arguments in turn. The extreme non-neutrality thesis (universal value-impregnation) and the extreme neutrality thesis (there is no normative economics) are rebutted, and the analysis is then oriented towards settling the dispute between two intermediary variants. In co...