Tamoxifen (TAM) is used as the standard endocrine therapy for breast cancer patients and as a chemopreventive agent for women at high risk for this disease. Unfortunately, treatment of TAM increases the incidence of endometrial cancer; this may be due to the genotoxic damage induced by TAM metabolites. Formation of TAM-DNA adducts in rat liver correlates with the development of hepatocarcinoma....

Purpose – The recent advances in the technology of electronic banking have helped develop new ways of handling banking affairs, especially through online banking. Moreover, the rapid development of the internet has stimulated the banking sector towards encouraging customers to make their transactions online. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an extended technology acceptance model (TAM)...

Let v be a grid path made of north and east steps. The lattice TAM(v), based on all grid paths weakly above the grid path v sharing the same endpoints as v, was introduced by Préville-Ratelle and Viennot (2014) and corresponds to the usual Tamari lattice in the case v = (NE). They showed that TAM(v) is isomorphic to the dual of TAM(←−v ), where←−v is the reverse of v with N and E exchanged. Our...

Macrophages demonstrate plasticity, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can function as immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to reprogram TAM in vitro with cytokine signal alteration. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) treatment alone did not lead to changes in the expression of M1 (including IL-1β, TNFα and CXCL-10)...

Tamoxifen (TAM) is successfully used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. However, many patients that are initially TAM responsive develop tumors that are antiestrogen/TAM resistant (TAM-R). The mechanism behind TAM resistance in estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-positive tumors is not understood. The orphan nuclear receptor chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor...

Macrophages display remarkable plasticity, allowing these cells to adapt to changing microenvironments and perform functions as diverse as tissue development and homeostasis, inflammation, pathogen clearance and wound healing. Macrophage activation can be triggered by Th1 cytokines and pathogen-associated or endogenous danger signals, leading to the formation of classically activated or M1 macr...

With the adoption of the IEEE 1500 [1] Standard, the opportunity exists for System on Chip (SoC) designers to specify test systems in a generic way. As the IEEE 1500 Standard does not address the specification and design of the on-chip Test Access Mechanism (TAM), considerable effort may still be required if test engineers are to optimise testing SoCs with IEEE 1500 Wrapped Cores. This paper de...

Interactions of the hydrophobic anticancer drug tamoxifen (TAM) with lipid model membranes were studied using calcein-encapsulated vesicle leakage, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) based force spectroscopy, and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The addition of TAM enhances...

Tumour-associated Macrophages (TAM) present two different polarizations: classical (M1) characterized by immunostimulation activity and tumour suppression; alternative (M2) characterized by tumour promotion and immune suppression. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the correlation between the two forms of TAM with survival time in radically resected gastric cancer patients. A total of 52...

The use of the antiestrogen tamoxifen (TAM) is associated with an increase in endometrial cancer. TAM-induced endometrial carcinogenesis may proceed through a genotoxin-mediated pathway, although the detection of endometrial TAM-DNA adducts in exposed women is still controversial. In this study, a monkey model has been used to investigate the question of TAM-DNA adduct formation in primates. Tw...