The Hib vaccine has undergone several developments over the years. Initially an Hib polysaccharide (PRP) vacccine was developed. However, the immunological response to this vaccine was age dependent (as with other polysaccharide vaccines) with a poor response among those aged less than 2 years. Further development was undertaken; the Hib polysaccharide was conjugated to a carrier protein and th...

In recent years, a number of randomised clinical trials have been completed overseas wherein antiretrovirals in various formats were evaluated for the prevention of HIV infection.1,2 Subjects ranged from men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men and women, to people who inject drugs. Major antiretrovirals evaluated included coformulated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / emtricitabine (TDF...

The purpose of this review was to test contraceptive efficacy, cycle control, tolerability, and acceptability as found in the non-comparative studies with NuvaRing((R)) by those found in the randomized trials comparing NuvaRing and combined oral contraceptives (COCs). All large non-comparative studies and all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) between NuvaRing and a COC up to and incl...

Mesenteric venous thrombosis is a rare cause of abdominal pain, which if left untreated may result in bowel infarction, peritonitis and death. The majority of patients with this illness have a recognizable, predisposing prothrombotic condition. Oral contraceptives have been identified as a predisposing factor for mesenteric venous thrombosis in reproductive-aged women. In the last fifteen years...