Abstract We analyze the susceptible-infected-susceptible model for epidemic spreading in which a fraction of individuals become immune by vaccination. This process is understood as dilution vaccination, decreases susceptible individuals. For nonzero vaccinated individuals, predicts new state disease spreads but eventually becomes extinct. The emerges when greater than critical value. that this ...

The utility of live attenuated vaccines for controlling HIV epidemics is being debated. Live attenuated HIV vaccines (LAHVs) could be extremely effective in protecting against infection with wild-type strains, but may not be completely safe as the attenuated strain could cause AIDS in some vaccinated individuals. We present a theoretical framework for evaluating the consequences of the tradeoff...

Conclusion. Vaccinated individuals were more likely than unvaccinated individuals to benefit from antiviral treatment. This finding warrants confirmation in other populations. Disclosures. A. S. Monto, sanofi pasteur: Grant Investigator, Research grant. Novartis: Consultant, Consulting fee. Protein Sciences: Consultant, Consulting fee. E. T. Martin, Pfizer: Scientific Advisor, Research grant. M...

Infections of adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) and Ad7 were discovered among previously vaccinated individuals through febrile respiratory illness surveillance at military recruit camps. Genetic analysis was performed on these isolates and a sample of adenovirus isolates from unvaccinated patients. Antigenic regions of the adenovirus hexon gene from 21 vaccinated and 31 unvaccinated patients were sequen...

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, individuals have had a variety of experiences with and economic disruptions in Asia. We assessed how these could impact COVID-19 vaccination intent uptake one Asian country, Malaysia. Two opt-in internet-based cross-sectional samples were collected: March wave (26 – 7 April 2021) June (22 10 July 2021). Individuals asked about their statu...

Understanding the most important economic impacts of vaccines can provide relevant information to stakeholders when selecting vaccine immunization strategies from a broader perspective. This study was therefore designed to first identify economic impacts to vaccinated individuals and, second, assess the relative importance of these economic impacts. A four-step approach was used, including a re...

BACKGROUND Growing epidemiological evidence demonstrates increased zoster risks in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study objectives were to determine zoster vaccine effectiveness in individuals with CKD in pragmatic use. METHODS A population-based cohort study was undertaken in a 5% random sample of US Medicare from 2007 to 2009 involving 766 330 eligible individuals aged ≥65 years ...

BACKGROUND The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is effective in eliciting a good antibody response. In addition to the amount of antibodies, the avidity of these antibodies might be important in protecting against disease. METHODS The amount of circulating antibodies for measles, mumps, and rubella was measured with enzyme immunoassays, and the avidity of these antibodies was determined by...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of influenza vaccination on the reduction of the risk of outpatient visits for upper respiratory infection (URI) among the elderly in Taiwan. METHODS The data for this observational study, consisting of 1729 people aged 65 years or older, were drawn from Taiwan's 2001 National Health Interview Survey. This survey data was then linked with National Health Insur...

BACKGROUND Although it is evident that zoster vaccination reduces postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) risk by reducing herpes zoster (HZ) occurrence, it is less clear whether the vaccine protects against PHN among patients who develop HZ despite previous vaccination. METHODS This cohort study included immunocompetent patients with HZ. The vaccinated cohort included 1155 individuals who were vaccinat...