background many factors effect on management (surgical and nonsurgical) of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais). objectives the purpose of this study was evaluation of the effects of generalized ligamentous laxity (gll) on surgical treatment of ais. materials and methods 72 patients with ais were studied between 2002 and 2009. 24 cases (33.4%) were placed in group a (normal) while 48 patients ...

background: hypoalbuminemia may be caused by liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, burns, protein-losing entropathy, malnutrition, and metabolic stress. alterations in albumin in metabolic stress such as cardiac surgery have been previously investigated. we studied serum albumin concentration in children with congenital heart disease and also the association of hypoalbuminemia with mortality and m...

BACKGROUND The evolution of resistant pathogens is a worldwide health crisis and adherence to European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis may be an important way to improve antibiotic stewardship and reduce patient harm and costs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and health care costs during a period of adherence to ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To provide a realistic experience of lower urinary tract endoscopic procedures, we have developed and continue to expand a computer-based surgical simulator that incorporates a surgical tool interface with anatomic detail and haptic feedback. METHODS Surface-based geometric data for the lower urinary tract were generated from the National Library of Medicine Visible Hum...

BACKGROUND Techniques in genitourinary oncologic surgery have evolved over the past several years, shifting from traditional open approaches toward minimally invasive routes by laparoscopy. METHODS We reviewed the literature on laparoscopic surgery for genitourinary cancer, with emphasis on contemporary indications, complications, and oncologic outcome of laparoscopic surgery for urologic mal...

OBJECTIVE Robotic technology has been used in a variety of surgical procedures for its 3D magnification and precision. Minimally invasive techniques have already become common in neurosurgery; however, robotic-assisted procedures in neurosurgery are still a relatively new frontier. This report describes the first use of robotic technology to resect a left thoracolumbar neurofibroma. CASE REPO...