Port-wine stain is a vascular malformation characterized pathologically by ectasia of superficial dermal capillaris and clinically by persistent macular erythema. The association of a port-wine stain on a limb with soft tissue swelling, with or without bony overgrowth, is termed klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Phakomatosis pigmento-vascularis is a combination of port-wine stain and cutaneous ...

Abstract Background and Aims Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with protein misfolding has been introduced as a key pathogenetic mechanism in patients lupus nephritis (LN). Pregnancy is thought to exaggerate ER conjunction autophagy inhibition. This probably explains disease flares during pregnancy; however, this not fully addressed. The detection of the abnormally misfolded proteins made using...