Context: Urolithiasis (UL) is one of the most common diseases, with worldwide increasing incidence and prevalence. The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate (CaOx) UL, which accounts for>80% of all urinary stones, is only incompletely understood. Objective: Our aim was to review trends in epidemiology and current concepts for the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of urinary stone disease. Evidence acq...

Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is a common and painful condition in people. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex and poorly understood. Laboratory animal and in vitro studies have demonstrated an effect of multiple trace metals in the crystallization process, and studies in humans have reported relationships between urinary metal concentrations and stone risk. Dogs are a spontaneous model ...

INTRODUCTION The characterization of urinary calculi using noninvasive methods has the potential to affect clinical management. CT remains the gold standard for diagnosis of urinary calculi, but has not reliably differentiated varying stone compositions. Dual-energy CT (DECT) has emerged as a technology to improve CT characterization of anatomic structures. This study aims to assess the ability...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical stone composition in general population of Qom province, central Iran, and its relationship with high tap water hardness. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study, from March 2008 to July 2011, biochemical analysis of urinary stones in patients living in Qom province for at least 5 years was performed. Stones were retrieved by ...

INTRODUCTION Bladder stone is the most common form of lower urinary tract stones and constitutes 5% of all urinary tract stones. The giant bladder stones are very rare and our report was the first one in Iran and in the world. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was a 35-year-old man who was referred to our urology clinic with the lower urinary tract symptoms. Irritative symptoms were dominant with...

OBJECTIVE The most common urinary stones (calcium salts, uric acid) form due to genetic factors and lifestyle. This review describes why, if and how medication and lifestyle changes can reduce the risk of formation. METHODS Previous reports were reviewed to obtain information on three aspects of urolithiasis, i.e. epidemiology, mechanisms linking lifestyle and urolithiasis and lifestyle inter...

Urolithiasis is a well-known and common late complication in patients with urinary diversion. Patients without urinary diversion lead to symptoms such as hematuria and ureteral colic, whereas stones in patients with urinary diversion tend to be asymptomatic and are often diagnosed incidentally during staging examinations of oncologic diseases. We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient wi...