OBJECTIVE To determine validity and reliability of the Urdu translated, modified "Response to symptoms questionnaire" (RSQ) among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in Karachi. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative, tool validation study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Two tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi and the Karachi Institute of Heart Diseases, from D...

In this paper, we present what we believe to be the first data-driven dependency parser for Urdu. The parser was trained and tuned using MaltParser system, a system for data-driven dependency parsing. The Urdu dependency treebank (UDT) is used for training and testing of the Urdu dependency parser, is also presented first time. The UDT contains corpus of 2853 sentences which are annotated at mu...

A benchmark database for character recognition is an essential part for efficient and robust development. Unfortunately, there is no comprehensive handwritten dataset for Urdu language that would be used to compare the state of the art techniques in the field of optical character recognition. In this paper, we present a new and publically available dataset comprising 600 pages of handwritten Ur...

Automatic extraction of opinion holders and targets (together referred to as opinion entities) is an important subtask of sentiment analysis. In this work, we attempt to accurately extract opinion entities from Urdu newswire. Due to the lack of resources required for training role labelers and dependency parsers (as in English) for Urdu, a more robust approach based on (i) generating candidate ...

Transliteration is a process of transcribing a word of the source language into the target language such that when the native speaker of the target language pronounces it, it sounds as the native pronunciation of the source word. Statistical techniques have brought significant advances and have made real progress in various fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP). In this paper, we have ana...

Urdu/Hindi has SOV default word order and an immediately preverbal default focus position [1, 2]. When focus is syntactically determined relative to the verb, verb focus is difficult to realize by position. We were therefore interested in the interplay between syntax and prosody with respect to verb focus in languages such as Urdu/Hindi and investigated the prosody associated with verb focus in...

Machine Translation (MT) is exigent because it involves several thorny subtasks such as intrinsic language ambiguities, linguistic complexities and diversities between source and target language. Usually MT depends upon rules that provide linguistic information. At present, the corpus based MT approaches are used that include techniques like Example Based MT (EBMT) and Statistical MT (SMT). In ...

Part-of-speech (POS) tagging is the process of labelling tokens in a text with tags that indicate their morphosyntactic category, and has a wide range of applications in computational and corpus linguistics, such as the production of corpus-based dictionaries and grammars. This paper describes an experiment in extending POS tagging to a hitherto untagged language, Urdu. The most challenging tas...

OBJECTIVE To compare CBCL (Child Behaviour Check Llist) Urdu, with the validated Urdu version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) used as "gold standard" among school children in Karachi, Pakistan, and to develop local cutoffs for CBCL using SDQ as a gold standard. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Schools of Karachi metropolitan area from Janua...

Machine Translation, (hereafter in this document referred to as the "MT") faces a lot of complex problems from its origination. Extracting multiword expressions is also one of the complex problems in MT. Finding multiword expressions during translating a sentence from English into Urdu, through existing solutions, takes a lot of time and occupies system resources. We have designed a simple rela...