Tourism is rapidly developing as a profitable and clean industry in the world. Today, tourists consider urban areas as tourist attractions since, in addition to the body which has its own charm,every space is dominated by an identity. In this descriptive, comparative study, the criteria determining the urban space identity are attempted to be specified through documentary studies. Then, 105 que...

I review several bodies of empirical urban theory relevant to the archaeological analysis of ancient cities. Empirical theory is a type of “middlerange theory” (following Robert Merton): sets of concepts and methods that are less abstract, and have greater empirical content, than high-level social theory. The categories of theory reviewed here include environment-behavior theory, architectural ...

Space syntax is a set of theories and techniques about buildings and cities and how they function, rooted in a theory of society and space that originated at the UCL Bartlett School of Graduate Studies in the 1970s. The ability of space syntax methods to objectively measure the physical and spatial attributes of cities in relation to patterns of human activity has led to hundreds of projects, c...

There is widespread public support for open space provision and for efforts by government to limit sprawl. We demonstrate that open space policies should not be viewed as independent of—or necessarily compatible with—growth management goals. We examine the impacts of open space designation on the urban landscape in a spatial city model with two important and empirically-relevant features: (1) r...

This study evaluates the diversity, spatial configuration, and pattern of open spaces in urban neighborhoods. Empirical evidence from hedonic modeling reveals that urban residents positively value the varieties of open space but negatively value the diversity within developed land uses. Square shaped plots of open spaces with smooth, as well straight edge are preferred to those of complex and c...

This paper explores the urban grid of downtown Baghdad City through a scientific and quantifiable approach. The research methodology includes case study application Space Syntax, which offers various measures to describe spatial properties areas produces specific, computable data related concepts integration segregation. selected grid, spans one-kilometer square, was analyzed at several levels ...

Abstract Rural and urban communities merge. Sedati’s districts are vulnerable due to a lack of infrastructure, dispersed populations, disaster management capacities, subsistence. A city is resilient if its citizens can survive recover from disaster. These relationships allow for implementing programs that promote rural resilience. How do spatial patterns affect resilience determinants? This res...