This paper describes the seasonal abundance of Culex quinquefasciatus in the rural and urban areas of the East and West Godavari districts (EGDT and WGDT) of Andhra Pradesh, India. The per man-hour density (PMHD) was collected from seven units in EGDT and two units in WGDT, which comprised rural and urban areas. The highest infection and infectivity rates were found in the rural areas of Rajahm...

Until recently the basic geographical unit in England and Wales for the compilation of population and mortality data has been the local authority administrative district. Epidemiologists have made little use of the mortality data available from 1950 for small administrative districts: municipal boroughs, urban and rural districts. In April 1974 the boundaries of administrative areas were radica...

the goal of this article is mapping urban management science. the main question of the research is “what are the subject areas of urban management science and how is the relation between these subject areas?” the map of urban management science can help to recognize urban management and its subject areas and can help policy makers to get familiar with the priorities in this subject area. for th...

A deeper understanding of extreme hot weather are needed in cities sensitive to heat effects, an investigation was done in the tropical town of Kaohsiung in Taiwan. Its 11 districts were divided into three climatic classes varying from high urban heat, low levels of green space and lack of proximity to water bodies to low urban heat, adequate green space and proximity to water bodies. Daily dat...

BACKGROUND This ecological study examines the relationship between food desert prevalence and academic achievement at the school district level. DESIGN AND METHODS Sample included 232 suburban and urban school districts in New York State. Multiple open-source databases were merged to obtain: 4(th) grade science, English and math scores, school district demographic composition (NYS Report Card...

OBJECTIVES The aim was to report the prevalence of oral diseases/conditions among a Ugandan population. METHODS Subjects aged 12 (n=696) and 35-44 years (n=396) were chosen from randomly selected urban and peri-urban areas of Arua, Mbale, Kampala and Mbarara districts. They were clinically examined by 4 trained and calibrated dentists for oral diseases/conditions using criteria described by W...

Much debate surrounding teacher quality has focused on students’ standardized test scores, but recent federal and state initiatives have emphasized the use of multiple measures to evaluate teacher quality, including classroom observations. In this study, we explore differences across school districts in the relationship between student achievement outcomes and the observed quality of teachers’ ...

The emergence of new neighborhoodsin historical cities like Isfahan has been due to rapid population growth regardless of the context circumstances and in an attempt to meet the need for housing. On the other hand, old neighborhoods could not often form suitable environments for life because of incapability to meet the needs and wishes of the residents.Contrary to this situation, new ideas and ...

Urban floods are linked to patterns of land use, specifically urban sprawl. Since the 1980s, government-led new districts are sweeping across China, which account for many of the floods events. Focuses of urbanization impact on floods are extending gradually from hydraulic channels, to imperviousness ratio, to imperviousness pattern in urban areas or urbanized basins. Thus, the paper aims to ex...

The purpose of this study was to examine the urban-rural differences in the prevalence and associated factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean adults. A total of 1,060 adults >30 yr of age from urban (189 males and 331 females) and rural districts (219 males and 321 females) were recruited. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and fasting and 2-hr after 75-g or...