Brief Summary: The authors present elegant data showing that X-LAG is a TADopathy of the endocrine system and rewiring GPR101 -enhancer interactions most likely causes upregulation expression in X-LAG-related pituitary tumors.

This study investigated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-mediated death pathway contribution to hydroquinone (HQ) cytotoxicity in human leukemia U937 cells. HQ-induced apoptosis of human leukemia U937 cells was characterized by the increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarization, procaspase-8 degradation and tBid production. Downregulation of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD) blocked ...

Risinger GM Jr, Updike DL, Bullen EC, Tomasek JJ, Howard EW. TGFsuppresses the upregulation of MMP-2 by vascular smooth muscle cells in response to PDGF-BB. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 298: C191–C201, 2010. First published October 21, 2009; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00417.2008.—During platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-mediated recruitment to neovascular sprouts, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM...

Nicotine causes changes in brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) during smoking that initiate addiction. Nicotine-induced upregulation is the long-lasting increase in nAChR radioligand binding sites in brain resulting from exposure. The mechanisms causing upregulation are not established. Many different mechanisms have been reported with the assumption that there is a single underlyi...