—Relative abundance data are of primary importance in paleoecology, but it is not always obvious how they should be interpreted. Because relative abundance is expressed as a proportion of the total sample, change in the abundance of one group necessarily changes the relative abundance of all groups in the sample. There are two possible interpretations for a trend in the relative abundance of a ...

Well-preserved miospore assemblages are recorded from the Late Ordovician (Katian-Hirnantian), Ghelli Formation in Pelmis-gorge at the north-eastern Alborz Mountain The palynomorphs were extracted from siliciclastic deposits which are well-dated by using of marine palynomorphs (acritarchs and chitinozoans). The encountered miospore assemblages consist of 14 genera (28 species: 26 cryptospores a...