Overuse Achilles tendinopathy is a common and challenging problem in sports medicine. Little is known about the etiology of this disorder, and the development of a good animal model for overuse tendinopathy is essential for advancing insight into the disease mechanisms. Our aim was to test a previously proposed rat model for Achilles tendon overuse. Ten adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ran on a t...

Primordial black holes (PBH) may form from large cosmological perturbations, produced during inflation when the inflaton's velocity is sufficiently slowed down. This usually requires very flat regions in inflationary potential. In this paper we investigate another possibility, namely that inflaton climbs up its When it turns back, crosses zero, which triggers a short phase of ``uphill inflation...

The winners of the major cycling 3-week stage races (i.e. Giro d’Italia, Tour de France, Vuelta a Espana) are usually riders who dominate in the uphill sections of the race. Amateur cyclists, however, will often avoid uphill terrain because of the discomfort involved. Therefore, understanding movement behavior during uphill cycling is needed in order to find an optimum solution that can be appl...

Electrocortical activity distinguishes between uphill and level walking in humans 2 3 J. Cortney Bradford, Jamie R. Lukos, Daniel P. Ferris 4 5 Translational Neuroscience Branch, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving 6 Ground, MD 7 Applied Research and Advanced Concepts Branch, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center 8 (SPAWAR), Pacific, San Diego, CA 9 School of Kinesiology, Universit...

Running downhill causes structural damage in deep slow-twitch extensor muscles of the limbs. Both mechanical and metabolic hypotheses have been proposed to explain the damage. The purpose of this study was to use measurements of glycogen loss in the muscles and metabolic rates of rats running on the level and up and down 16 degrees inclines at 26 m min-1 to try to distinguish between these hypo...

Substantial inter-individual variations in exercise economy exist even in highly trained endurance athletes. The variation is believed to be determined partly by intrinsic factors. Therefore, in the present study, we compared exercise economy in V2-skating, double poling, and uphill running. Ten highly trained male cross-country skiers (23 ± 3 years, 180 ± 6 cm, 75 ± 8 kg, VO2peak running: 76.3...