Health insurers are generally guided by the principle of "actuarial fairness," according to which they distinguish among various risks on the basis of cost-related factors. Thus, insurers often limit or deny coverage for vision care, hearing aids, mental health care, and even AIDS treatment based on actuarial justifications. Furthermore, approximately forty-two million Americans have no health ...

Biological diversity is known to play an important role in generating and maintaining ecosystem productivity and other functions, and has consequently become a central focus of many efforts to preserve ecosystem services. Theoretical parallels suggest the diversity of fishing fleets may have a similarly important role in determining the productivity and ecological impacts of fisheries, but this...

The paper deals with OTT TV service based on adaptive HTTP streaming to deliver video content to various devices over unmanaged, best-effort IP network. One of major drawbacks of adaptive streaming technology is a significant video latency comparing to traditional TV broadcast. In this paper, causes of video latency in Internet TV architecture are identified and quantified by theoretical analys...

Technological development in micro-electronics have made digital control an indispensable component in all engineering systems. The rapid pace of development and the demands on modern systems in terms of novel functions and shorter development cycles has led to many challenges in system design and veri cation. The down side of improved functionality is the unmanaged complexity: never have we ha...