The concept of stigmergy has been used to analyze self-organizing activities in an ever-widening range of domains, including social insects, robotics, web communities and human society. Yet, it is still poorly understood and as such its full power remains underappreciated. The present paper clarifies the issue by defining stigmergy as a mechanism of indirect coordination in which the trace left...

Modern sequence databases have many problems because they are not carefully defined. For example, when one searches for homology with a given sequence, many duplicate sequences are found in each database and similar but not identical results are obtained from other databases. The extra copies of inconsistent information are slowing down research. This situation could easily be avoided by removi...

The concept of universal integral, recently proposed and axiomatized, encompasses several integrals, including the Choquet, Shilkret and Sugeno integrals. In this paper we present two new axiomatizations of universal integrals on the scale 1⁄20;1 . In the first characterization, we look at universal integrals on the scale 1⁄20;1 as families of aggregation functions F satisfying some desired pro...

to analyze the dialectical reasoning, in topics, aristotle reduces any dialectical proposition to a subject which is ‘species’ and a predicate which is either ‘definition’ , ‘genus’, (‘difference’,) ‘property’, or ‘accident’, and then he says that the ten categories provide the matters of these predicables. porphyry in isagoge substitutes the ‘species’ for the ‘definition’ and exhibites these f...

This paper describes the Configurator which provides ability to create graphical tools for different domain-specific languages (DSLs) quickly and convieniently. To define different DSLs by the Configurator, a TDA graphical tool building platform and its main component – a Tool Definition Metamodel, is used. By using this technology, a specific graphical tool is built as an instance of the Tool ...

BACKGROUND Periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) has had several definitions in the last decade, including the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) definition, that requires marked biomarker elevations congruent with surgical PMI criteria. METHODS AND RESULTS The aim of this study was to examine the definition-based frequencies of PMI and whether they influence...

In the 1980s, John Reynolds postulated that a parametrically polymorphic function is an ad-hoc polymorphic function satisfying a uniformity principle. This allowed him to prove that his set-theoretic semantics has a relational lifting which satisfies the Identity Extension Lemma and the Abstraction Theorem. However, his definition (and subsequent variants) have only been given for specific mode...