For a graph $G$ let $gamma (G)$ be its domination number. We define a graph G to be (i) a hypo-efficient domination graph (or a hypo-$mathcal{ED}$ graph) if $G$ has no efficient dominating set (EDS) but every graph formed by removing a single vertex from $G$ has at least one EDS, and (ii) a hypo-unique domination graph (a hypo-$mathcal{UD}$ graph) if $G$ has at least two minimum dominating sets...

This note studies the following question: If a researcher is given a finitely supported mixed strategy for each player over a continuous strategy space, does there exist a game whose unique Nash equilibrium is given by these mixed strategies? This note finds that any set of finitely supported mixed strategies on metric spaces can be represented as the unique Nash equilibrium to a separable game...

the present research aims to analyze the orthographic errors of german-speaking learners of persian at the elementary level. to do so, pieces of writing of 34 students were gathered via self-motivated method and examined based on the corpus of orthographic errors, using the frameworks proposed by keshavarz (1994) and ziahoseini (1999). 850 phonological, morphological, and orthographical errors ...

Accurate transmission and expression of genetic information are crucial for the survival of all living organisms. Recently, the coupling of mutation accumulation experiments and next-generation sequencing has greatly expanded our knowledge of the genomic mutation rate in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, because of their transient nature, transcription errors have proven extremely diffi...

hospital pharmacists’ expertise in reducing medication errors and improving patient safety in critical care [1]. Th e authors emphasise that drug inaccuracies are frequent and that the limited physiological reserve of critically ill individuals increases the potential harm of adverse prescribing. Critically ill patients represent a unique population with altered pharmacokinetics, and it is like...

A little known property of a pair of eigenvectors (column and row) of a real tridiagonal matrix is presented. With its help we can define necessary and sufficient conditions for the unique real tridiagonal matrix for which an approximate pair of complex eigenvectors are exact. Similarly we can designate the unique real tridiagonal matrix for which two approximate real eigenvectors, with differe...

Soft errors are intermittent malfunctions of hardware that are not reproducible. They may affect the data integrity and affect the system operation. These errors are growing reliability threat in VLSI system design. A soft error occurring in a memory cell or register is called a Single Event Upset (SEU). Designs mapped into Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FGPAs) are more vulnerable to soft erro...

With IRB approval, we obtained de-identified laboratory test data from 3 large institutions (ARUP, Intermountain, and Regenstrief). In this study we evaluated correctness of mapping local laboratory result codes to Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC®). We received 9,027 laboratory tests mapped to 3,669 unique LOINC codes. A one tenth sample (884 tests) was manually reviewed f...

Indexing individual template molecules with a unique identifier (UID) before PCR and deep sequencing is promising for detecting low frequency mutations, as true mutations could be distinguished from PCR errors or sequencing errors based on consensus among reads sharing same index. In an effort to develop a robust assay to detect from urine low-abundant bladder cancer cells carrying well-documen...

Velocity errors in particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) are studied. When using high-speed video cameras, the velocity error may increase at a high camera frame rate. This increase in velocity error is due to particle-position uncertainty, which is one of the two sources of velocity errors studied here. The other source of error is particle acceleration, which has the opposite trend of diminishi...