This research examined the effects of bimodal audiovisual and unimodal visual stimulation on infants' memory for the visual orientation of a moving toy hammer following a 5-min, 2-week, or 1-month retention interval. According to the intersensory redundancy hypothesis (L. E. Bahrick & R. Lickliter, 2000; L. E. Bahrick, R. Lickliter, & R. Flom, 2004) detection of and memory for nonredundantly sp...

In this study, we investigated whether the visuospatial working memory performance of young and older adults would improve if they used a multimodal as compared with a unimodal encoding strategy, and whether or not visual cues would add to this effect. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with trials consisting of an array of squares and an array of circles. They were instructed to poin...

Ramirez BU. The sensory modality used for learning affects grades. Adv Physiol Educ 35: 270–274, 2011; doi:10.1152/advan.00010.2011.—Second-year undergraduated students from 2008, 2009, and 2010 cohorts were asked to respond a questionnaire to determine their learning style preferences, the VARK questionnaire (where V is visual, A is aural, R is reading-writing, and K is kinesthetic), which was...

We study the statistical properties of the least squares estimator in unimodal sequence estimation. Although closely related to isotonic regression, unimodal regression has not been as extensively studied. We show that the unimodal least squares estimator is adaptive in the sense that the risk scales as a function of the number of values in the true underlying sequence. Such adaptivity properti...

It is well established that a formal language generated from a unimodal map is regular if and only if the map’s kneading sequence is either periodic or eventually periodic. A previously proposed conjecture said that if a language generated from a unimodal map is context-free, then it must be regular, i.e. there exists no proper context-free language which can be generated from a unimodal map. T...

A polynomial is unimodal if its sequence of coefficients are increasing up to an index, and then are decreasing after that index. A polynomial is logconcave if the sequence of the logarithms of the coefficients is concave. We prove that if P (x) is a polynomial with nonnegative non-decreasing coefficients then P (x+z) is unimodal for any natural z. Furthermore, we prove that if P (x) is a log-c...

Niche theory predicts that species occurrence and abundance show non-linear, unimodal relationships with respect to environmental gradients. Unimodal models, such as the Gaussian (logistic) model, are however more difficult to fit to data than linear ones, particularly in a multi-species context in ordination, with trait modulated response and when species phylogeny and species traits must be t...