Conformal geometry is studied using the unfolded formulation \`a la Vasiliev. Analyzing first-order consistency of equations, we identify content zero-forms as spin-two off-shell Fradkin-Tseytlin module $\mathfrak{so}(2,d)$. We sketch nonlinear structure equations and explain how Weyl invariant densities, which Type-B anomaly consist of, could be systematically computed within formulation. The ...

An enhanced unfolding Inverse Finite Element Method (IFEM) has been used together with an extended strain-based forming limit diagram (EFLD) to develop a fast and reliable approach to predict the feasibility of the deep drawing process of a part and determining where the failure or defects can occur. In the developed unfolding IFEM, the meshed part is properly fold out on the flat sheet and tre...

Protein stability can be monitored by many different techniques. However, these protocols are often lengthy, consume large amounts of protein, and require expensive and specialized instruments. Here we present a new protocol to analyze protein unfolding kinetics using a quantified real-time thermocycler. This technique enables the analysis of a wide range of denaturants (and their interactions ...

Hexameric ATP-dependent proteases and protein remodeling machines use conserved loops that line the axial pore to apply force to substrates during the mechanical processes of protein unfolding and translocation. Whether loops from multiple subunits act independently or coordinately in these processes is a critical aspect of the mechanism but is currently unknown for any AAA+ machine. By studyin...

Reduced lattice models of proteins and Monte Carlo dynamics were used to simulate the initial stages of the unfolding of several proteins of various structural types, and the results were compared to experiment. The models semiquantitatively reproduce the approximate order of events of unfolding as well as subtle mutation effects and effects resulting from differences in sequences of similar fo...

We address unsolved problems of unfolding polyhedra in a new context, focusing on special convex patches—disklike polyhedral subsets of the surface of a convex polyhedron. One long-unsolved problem is edge-unfolding prismatoids. We show that several natural strategies for unfolding a prismatoid can fail, but obtain a positive result for “petal unfolding” topless prismatoids, which can be viewed...

We describe the mechanical behavior of isotropic fibrin networks at the macroscopic scale in terms of the nanoscale force response of fibrin molecules that are its basic building blocks. We show that the remarkable extensibility and compressibility of fibrin networks have their origins in the unfolding of fibrin molecules. The force-stretch behavior of a single fibrin fiber is described using a...

This article presents a comparative analysis of two sets of data from recent experiments on kinetics of (i) protein unfolding by mechanical force and (ii) channel gating with membrane electric potential. Both situations necessitate a continuous Brownian-dynamic view of protein conformational kinetics. We show that the discrete approach traditional to biochemical kinetics is insufficient for und...