1. Simeone DM, Sandelin K, Thompson NW. Undescended superior parathyroid gland: a potential cause of failed cervical exploration for hyperparathyroidism. Surgery 1995; 118: 949–956 2. Manley NR, Selleri L, Brendolan A et al. Abnormalities of caudal pharyngeal pouch development in Pbx1 knockout mice mimic loss of Hox3 paralogs. Dev Biol 2004; 276: 301–312 3. Billingsley KG, Douglas LF, Doppman J...

  SUMMARY With the aim of surgical epidemiology nature of undescended testis, we examined 8034 school age boys in the city of Tehran. We invatted affected persons to Loghman-e-Hakim Medical Center for repeated examination and further diagnostic in­vestigations, results are: Among 8034 persons 82 had undescended testis, it means 1 .02 % , 56 % are in the right, and 33%  in the left, 11 % are...

BACKGROUND Epididymal anomalies and patent processus vaginalis are frequently found in boys with cryptorchidism or hydrocele. We conducted this study to evaluate the association between epididymal anomalies and testicular location or patent processus vaginalis in boys with undescended testis or hydrocele. METHODS Children undergoing surgery with undescended testis (group A, 136 boys and 162 t...

Seminomas in undescended testes may present as abdominal wall tumours. A unilateral testis tumour in a 29 year old man with ipsilateral undescended testis is presented and relevant literature is reviewed. A 29 year old man presenting with a tender left lower abdominal mass was admitted to our clinic and initial diagnostic tests followed by abdominal computerized tomography (CT) and positron emi...

Uterine malformations are the most frequent anomalies of the Müllerian ducts, but undescended ovaries and fallopian tubes are very rare congenital defects. Pregnancy in these misplaced organs may occur, frequently posing a diagnostic challenge. A case of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy in an undescended fallopian tube associated with other genital malformations is presented. This case provides evi...

Retractile testes [1] Prepubertal boys can have an exaggerated cremasteric reflex. The testis may retract out of the scrotum in the cold, on examination, on excitement or on physical activity. It is normal and will descend when relaxed and warm, or it can be manipulated back into the scrotum. Retractile testes do not need any treatment but do need close follow-up until puberty, as they can beco...

There is general consensus among surgeons and paediatricians that cryptorchidism should be detected and treated by the age of 5 years, if not earlier. In reality, incomplete descent is often detected weli beyond the age of 5. The effectiveness of local screening was assessed by reviewing the screening history and subsequent management of boys treated for undescended testes between 1983 and 1986...

The treatment of undescended testes in infancy and childhood, and the timing of treatment have been reviewed recently by Johnston (1965) and by the Brit. med. J. (1965). From a practical point of view, it is important to know, (1) the incidence of undescended testes in the newbom, and (2) the spontaneous alterations in position of the testes during infancy and childhood. With regard to the firs...

1. Docimo SG, Silver RI, Cromie W. The undescended testicle: Diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician 2000;62: 2037-44, 7-8. 2. Ekenze SO, Nwankwo EP, Okere PC. The utility of ultrasonography in the management of undescended testis in a developing country. World J Surg 2013;37:1121-4. 3. Vijayaraghavan SB. Sonographic localization of nonpalpable testis: Tracking the cord technique. Indian J R...