it has been tried to compare the “price payment method” in iranian law with “principles of international commercial contracts” and “convention on contracts for international sale of goods vienna, 1980” in this study. different law regulations in various countries should be unified in order to extend rapid and insured trusted law relations among the nations and people all over the world because ...

A gambler starts with a fortune f < 1 and plays in a Vardi casino with infinitely many tables indexed by their odds r ≥ 0. In addition, all tables return the same expected winnings c < 0 per dollar and a discount factor is applied after each round. We determine the optimal probability to reach fortune one, as well as an optimal strategy, different from bold play for fortunes larger than a criti...

under article 267 of the civil code, a person who pays the debt of the other without his permission cannot recover the amount paid as the payment of debt in this situation appears to be gratuitous. nevertheless, in different codes, the legislator has permitted a third party to pay the debts of the others in some situations.. by carefully examining these cases, it can be said that anytime the th...

harmful economic, environmental and financial impacts of fertilizer distribution through subsidies as well as its contradiction with regulations of wto, it makes necessary to adopt a new policy. in this study, by combining positive mathematical programming and maximum entropy technique, the impacts of cancellation of fertilizer subsidies and applying proposed direct payment policies on gross ma...