We collected soil samples at 23 sites from the petroleum contaminated soils (PC) in the west of Kermanshah province to investigate the sources and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, source apportionment has been carried out using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF).The total PAHs concentration, have a mean value of 92.79 mg/kg, ranging from 7.37 to 609.67...

Oxygen-enriched combustion can improve thermal efficiency and reduce CO, unburned hydrocarbons soot emissions in internal engines. There are significant differences the process pollutant between oxygen-enriched air condition. In order to develop an improved understanding of effect oxygen concentration on n-heptane oxidation, jet-stirred reactor oxidation characteristics were experimentally test...

The use of biodiesel fuels derived from vegetable oils or animal fats as a substitute for conventional petroleum fuel in diesel engines is receiving an increasing amount of attention. This interest is based on a number of properties of biodiesel including the fact that it is produced from a renewable resource, its biodegradability, and its potential to reduce exhaust emissions. Transient exhaus...

A number of studies currently focus on the renewable fuels to reduce the reliance on petroleum fuels. Biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol have been studied and tested in many countries including India. This paper is aimed to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine when fuelled with methyl ester of Jatropha oil (MEJO). The ignition ...

The explosion and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers, residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September 2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC on 16 and 17 September 2001; these samples are representative of ...

Abstract—The major harmful automobile exhausts are nitric oxide (NO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC). Reduction of NO using unburned fuel HC as a reductant is the technique used in hydrocarbon-selective catalytic reduction (HC-SCR). In this work, we study the microkinetic modelling of NO reduction using propene as a reductant on Pt catalysts. The selectivity of NO reduction to N2O is detected in ...

The HCCI combustion process is initiated due to auto-ignition of fuel/air mixture which is dominated by chemical kinetics and therefore fuel composition has a significant effect on engine operation and a detailed reaction mechanism is essential to analysis HCCI combustion. A single zone-model permits to have a detailed chemical kinetics modeling for practical fuels. In this study a single-zone ...

In this study, catalyst of rutile titanium dioxide nanoparticles (rTiO2-NP) has been investigated for the removal and reduction of unburned hydrocarbons as benzopyran. To evaluate and calculate the thermodynamic properties of this aim, pollutants are closed to the nanoparticles and converted them into other products and the carbon dioxide molecules are simulated in the 12th steps. The geometric...

This work is carried out to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (diesel-gas) engine at part loads, using a quasi-dimensional multi zone combustion model (MZCM) for the combustion of diesel fuel and a single zone model with detailed chemical kinetics for the combustion of natural gas fuel. Chemical kinetic mechanisms consist of 184 reactions with 50 species. This combustion mod...