Unlike many of the nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars such as S. Typhimurium that cause restricted gastroenteritis, Salmonella Typhi is unique in that it causes life-threatening typhoid fever in humans. Despite the vast difference in disease outcomes that S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium cause in humans, there are few genomic regions that are unique to S. Typhi. Of these regions, the most notable is t...

Typhoid is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, human-restricted bacteria that are transmitted faeco-orally. Salmonella Typhi and S. Paratyphi A are clonal, and their limited genetic diversity has precluded the identification of long-term transmission networks in areas with a high disease burden. To improve our understanding of typhoid transmission we have...

Purpose: The study was conducted to survey the knowledge and behavioural practices of food handlers in bukas (a type of local restaurant) in Nigeria with the aim of assessing the hygiene practices of food handlers and whether they were knowledgeable about typhoid fever and its mode of transmission. Methods: One hundred and seventy four (174) Respondents were administered questionnaires on their...

The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of typhoid fever on pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin (LF) and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of the said antibiotic in healthy human volunteers and patients with typhoid fever. Total of 12 subjects were divided into two groups "A" (healthy volunteers) and "B" (typhoid patients). Single oral dose of LF 500 mg was given and 5 ...

Typhoid is a systemic disease caused by S. Typhi and Paratyphi, its specific clinical features include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea nausea. still major problem in developing countries, mostly due to poor sanitation improper drainage system. This study conducted descriptive form, all the patients admitted General Surgery Department of Nangarhar Regional Hospital had intestinal perforation typ...

Fowl typhoid is a disease of adult chickens and is caused by Salmonella Gallinarum infection via the alimentary tract. The experimental reproduction of fowl typhoid per os (PO) requires artificial conditions to minimize the effect of gastric acid, and several Salmonella serovars have been known to be transmitted via the respiratory route. Therefore, we have hypothesized the existence of a respi...

BACKGROUND Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain important causes of morbidity worldwide. Accurate disease burden estimates are needed to guide policy decisions and prevention and control strategies. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of the PubMed and Scopus databases using pre-defined criteria to identify population-based studies with typhoid fever incidence data published b...

Efforts to estimate the global burden of typhoid fever can be traced to a meeting of the Pan American Health Organization in 1984 and publication of the outcome in 1986.1 Although an important first step, the 1984 study was recognised as having a number of limitations including provision of scanty methodological detail, the availability of few source data, exclusion of China from the estimate, ...

BACKGROUND Typhoid is an important public health challenge for India, especially with the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The decision about whether to introduce a public vaccination programme needs to be based on an understanding of disease burden and the age-groups and geographic areas at risk. METHODS We searched Medline and Web of Science databases for studies reporting the incidence ...

Typhoid, a common worldwide bacterial disease which is spread through contaminated food and water that causes septicemia, a causes liver inflammation. Typhoid fever is an infection that causes clinical symptoms of fever, abdominal pain, body rashes, terry stool, weakness, poor appetite, headaches, generalized aches and pains, and lethargy etc [1].It is caused by Salmonellae typhi, Enterobacteri...