the frame semantic theory is a nascent approach in the area of translation studies which goes beyond the linguistic barriers and helps us to incorporate cognitive and cultural factors to the study of translation. based on rojos analytical model (2002b), which centered in the frames or knowledge structures activated in the text, the present research explores the various translation problems that...

today, the route for economic development in most countries is the same as international open competitive economy. economic institutes well known that supportive public economy belonged on the past and they may compete in the global economy. it is obvious that if they have no competitive potency or not familiar with competition technique, they may be devastated. banking system aims to collect t...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

abstract: the present study is an attempt to find out cultural exophoric references in iranian high-school elt textbooks and touch stone series to compare the frequency of occurrence of such references in these books. the purpose is to find out which of the series of the books under investigation impose a greater referential burden on efl learners as far as their reading comprehension of the ...

چکیده: در این رساله، ابتدا مفهوم *c-جبر را بیان می کنیم سپس با تجزیه و تحلیل دقیق مقاله های زیر grüss type inequalities in inner product modules,2005 schwarz and grüss type inequalities for c*- seminorms and positive linear functionals on banach *- modules,2011 ابتدا مفهوم *h-جبرها را بیان کرده و سپس بعضی از ویژگی های یک ضرب داخلی تعمیم یافته در مدولها روی *h-جبرها و *c-جبرهارابیان می کنیم ...

with the increasing population and the need for more food, as well as with the development of science and technology, human approach to unnatural and often chemical inputs to increase agricultural production has been a great expansion and problems such as increased cancers, chronic diseases has created environmental pollution. implementation of organic organic is a solution to these problems . ...

the poor orientation of the restaurants toward the information technology has yet many unsolved issues in regards to the customers. one of these problems which lead the appeal list of later, and have a negative impact on the prestige of the restaurant is the case when the later does not respond on time to the customers’ needs, and which causes their dissatisfaction. this issue is really sensiti...

abstract the current study sets out 1) to investigate the strategic needs of iranian efl learners in reading literary and non-literary texts; 2) to shed some light on the differences between reading literary and non-literary texts; and 3) to specify the differences in the interaction of participants with texts while reading two literary subgenres ( i.e., short story and literary essays). to ...

در این رساله ابتدا اطلاعاتی پایه ای و مفید درباره ی فضای ضرب داخلی ، فضای هیلبرت ، فضای نرم دار و فضای باناخ بیان شده و در فصل دوم اطلاعاتی راجع به فضای دوگان وعملگرهای خطی بیان شده و در فصل سوم با تجزیه و تحلیل دقیق مقاله a gruss type inequality for sequences of vectors in normed linear spaces and application یک نامساوی دیگر نوع گراوس روی فضاهای خطی نرم دار ارائه واثبات می گردد. وکاربرد آ...

in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...