The type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor, like the insulin receptor, contains a ligand-stimulated protein-tyrosine kinase activity in its beta-subunit. However, in vivo, no substrates have been identified. We used anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies to identify phosphotyrosine-containing proteins which occur during IGF-I stimulation of normal rat kidney and Madin-Darby canine kidney cel...

Background: There is not any in vivo studies that shows inducing of euglycemia by vanadyl is independent from plasma insulin.  Therefore in the present study we planned to investigate the antidiabetic effects of vanadyl in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Rats became severely diabetic by an IV injection of 50-55mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), 15 days after the injection, the blood glucose of ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the meaning of S(i) = 0 derived from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The issue of assessing insulin resistance in large studies is important because the most definitive method ("gold standard"), the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, is expensive and invasive. The frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tes...

There are two types of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptors. The type I receptor generally binds IGF-I more tightly than IGF-II and also interacts weakly with insulin. The type II receptor prefers IGF-II over IGF-I and does not recognize insulin. The type I receptor is made up of an alpha binding subunit (Mr 130000) and a beta subunit (Mr 95 000) probably organized as a heterotetramer (Oi...

Apoptosis is a complex network of biochemical and molecular pathway with fine regulatory mechanisms that control the death event during several pathological situations in multi cellular organisms. It is the part of normal development that occurs in a variety of diseases and is known as aberrant apoptosis. Pancreatic β cell apoptosis is also a pathological feature which is common in both type 1 ...

Increasing numbers of people world-wide develops the disease type 2 diabetes. Development of type 2 diabetes is characterized by a shift from an insulin sensitive state to an insulin resistant state in peripheral insulin responding organs, which originates from the development of insulin resistance in the adipose tissue. Insulin resistance in combination with reduced pancreatic insulin secretio...

Still not clearly defined is the fundamental defect or defects involved in the pathogenesis of type II noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Abnormalities in both insulin secretion and insulin action have been demonstrated, and there has been considerable debate as to which is the predominant lesion. During the 1970s, with the evolution of the concept of two major types of diabetes—type I and...

Biologically active colloid-gold complexes were used to compare ligand-induced microaggregation, redistribution, and internalization of insulin receptors on Rat 1 fibroblasts expressing wild type (HIRc) or tyrosine kinase-defective (HIR A/K1018) human insulin receptors. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) and alpha 2-macroglobulin receptors also were compared. On both cell types, all four unoc...

apoptosis is a complex network of biochemical and molecular pathway with fine regulatory mechanisms that control the death event during several pathological situations in multi cellular organisms. it is the part of normal development that occurs in a variety of diseases and is known as aberrant apoptosis. pancreatic β cell apoptosis is also a pathological feature which is common in both type 1 ...