In this paper, we discuss the historical and current perspectives on women in computer science and the recent downward trend of women's participation in this field We then present results from a survey that asked respondents their views on why women's participation in the field of computing is decreasing, what we can do to reverse this trend, and what they predict the future holds for women in ...

The purpose of this study was to test the psychometric properties of a vertical version of horizontally oriented three Appraisal of Violent Situation scales that elicit women's subjective appraisals of severity, dangerousness, and controllability of violence. Construct validity of the vertical scale eliciting 64 abused women's perceptions of severity of violence experienced was supported by a l...

Globalization theories have proliferated over the past two decades. However, global developments have yet to be systematically incorporated into theories around violence against women. This article proposes to add a global level to the existing ecological model framework, popularized by Lori Heise in 1998, to explore the relationships between global processes and experiences of violence against...

Membership of indigenous local community groups was protective against HIV for women, but not for men, in eastern Zimbabwe during the period of greatest risk reduction (1999-2004). We use four rounds of data from a population cohort to investigate: (1) the effects of membership of multiple community groups during this period; (2) the effects of group membership in the following five years; and ...

Despite greater knowledge about gender (in)equality issues, women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are still largely portrayed in stereotypical ways in the media. We sought to uncover what both academic research and mainstream US and UK media communicate relative to the topic of women in STEM, in general, and women in computing, in particular. The notion of image cente...

Several recent studies have shown a negative association between motherhood and wages. However, an analysis of change over time in the motherhood penalty has not been conducted. Using two cohorts of young women drawn from the 1975– 1985 National Longitudinal Survey of Young Women and the 1986–1998 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we explicitly test the relationship between motherhood and ...

Background Medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol was introduced in Norway in 1998, and since then there has been an almost complete change from predominantly surgical to medical abortions. We aimed to describe the medical abortion implementation process, and to compare characteristics of women obtaining medical and surgical abortion. Methods Information from all departments of ob...

OBJECTIVES The performance and age of peak ultra-endurance performance have been investigated in single races and single race series but not using worldwide participation data. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in running performance and the age of peak running performance of the best 100-mile ultra-marathoners worldwide. METHOD The race times and ages of the annual ten fas...