Computer vision poses a formidable information processing problem. Conceptually, visual information processing can be divided into three stages low, intermediate and high. The low and intermediate levels are critical in the visual processing hierarchy; it is here that information about the structure of images and surfaces is extracted and refined into a coherent representation which can drive s...

generate truncated ETS proteins — rather than chimeric proteins — that are believed to drive prostate cancer development. Given the prevalence of prostate cancer (it accounts for approximately one-third of all cancer diagnoses in American men), researchers are seeking to determine whether TMPRSS2:ETS fusion genes provide an early detection diagnostic marker or a marker of aggressive disease. Ot...

I n this issue of the Journal of ExperimentaI Medicine, Loetscher et al. show that receptors for ~-chemokines are upregulated when T lymphocytes are activated by interleukin-2 (1). This paper will be of considerable interest not just to those who have worked for some years to identify conditions whereby chemokines could attract T ceils, but also to HIV researchers and conceivably to retrovirolo...

For many years the tribes and communities of American Indians and Alaska Natives have been the subject of intense study and research in a number of disciplines, particularly anthropology, sociology, psychology, and medicine. Until recently, virtually all research was conducted by non-Indians. Only in the past 20 years have more American Indians begun to enter into the social science professions...

NEXT MONTH IN TOKYO, ASIA’S LARGEST BIOTECHNOLOGY EVENT WILL TAKE PLACE—THE International Bio Technology Exhibition and Conference. Japan’s traditional strength in both biology and technology makes it a very appropriate site for this forum. But over the long term, Japan’s science and technology future will require that our nation place a much stronger focus on encouraging risk taking and indepe...

Warsaw, Poland August 22–24, 2011