A multilayered epithelium is made up of individual cells that are stratified in an orderly fashion, layer by layer. In such tissues, individual cells can adopt a wide range of shapes ranging from columnar to squamous. From histological images, we observe that, in flat epithelia such as the skin, the cells in the top layer are squamous while those in the middle and bottom layers are columnar, wh...

The present paper describes the analytical solutions for the steady boundary layer flow of a Jeffrey fluid over a shrinking sheet. The governing equations of motions are reduced into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations. Two types of problems, namely, (1) two-dimensional stagnation flow towards a shrinking sheet and (2) axisymmetric stagnation f...

Intercalation doping has been theoretically and experimentally studied on chemical vapor deposition synthesized few-layer graphene. Density functional theory calculations identified FeCl3 as a good dopant to reduce the sheet resistance of few-layer graphene. A simple vapor transfer method is employed to dope graphene. The successful doping is confirmed by the Raman spectra as well as the electr...

The hydrophobic effect is the main thermodynamic driving force in the folding of water-soluble proteins. Exclusion of nonpolar moieties from aqueous solvent results in the formation of a hydrophobic core in a protein, which has been generally considered essential for specifying and stabilizing the folded structures of proteins. Outer surface protein A (OspA) from Borrelia burgdorferi contains a...

A current bottleneck in the thin film photovoltaic field is the fabrication of low cost electrodes. We demonstrate ultrasonically spray coated multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) layers as opaque and absorptive metal-free electrodes deposited at low temperatures and free of post-deposition treatment. The electrodes show sheet resistance as low as 3.4 Ω □(-1), comparable to evaporated metallic con...

We investigate the transmission properties of a metallic layer with narrow slits. We consider (time-harmonic) Maxwell's equations in the H-parallel case with a fixed incident wavelength. We denote η > 0 as the typical size of the complex structure and obtain the effective equations by letting η → 0. For metallic permittivities with negative real part, plasmonic waves can be excited on the surfa...

We propose an effective medium theory for a one-dimensional periodic array of rectangular grooves covered by a graphene sheet. Parameters of the effective medium model are given by explicit analytical expressions for both major polarizations TM and TE, and for all incident angles. In extraction of this model, we assumed single mode approximation inside the grooves. The effect of non-specular di...

We measure the temperature distribution in a biased single-layer graphene transistor using Raman scattering microscopy of the 2D-phonon band. Peak operating temperatures of 1050 K are reached in the middle of the graphene sheet at 210 kW cm(-2) of dissipated electric power. The metallic contacts act as heat sinks, but not in a dominant fashion. To explain the observed temperature profile and he...

‎in the present analysis‎, ‎we study the boundary layer flow of an incompressible viscous fluid near the two-dimensional stagnation-point flow over a stretching surface‎. ‎the effects of variable thickness and radiation are also taken into account and assumed that the sheet is non-flat‎. ‎using suitable transformations‎, ‎the governing partial differential equations are first converted to ordin...

Individual ribbons of graphene show orientation-dependent electronic properties of great interest, yet to ensure their perfect geometry and integrity or to assemble free ribbons into a device remains a daunting task. Here we explore, using density functional theory, an alternative possibility of "nanoroads" of pristine graphene being carved in the electrically insulating matrix of fully hydroge...