It is promising to grow the long-vegetating annual halophytes Gamanthus Bunge and Halimocnemis C.A. Mey . ( Chenopodiaceae Vent. ) in arid locations since they are important grazing plants for Karakol sheep camels. These species’ xerothermic periods when flower bear fruit. Research on reproductive biology must first examine how certain traits of plant organs harsh environments relate environmen...

High-amplitude changes in sedimentary δ 13 C characterize the Cretaceous system and have been proven useful for supra-regional chemostratigraphic correlation. In Cretaceous, these perturbations indicate large shifts between global carbon reservoirs that are usually caused by volcanic activity of igneous provinces, widespread deposition thick organic carbon-rich sequences and/or orbital paramete...

Modern hydrothermal vent communities are based on chemosynthesis by microbial primary producers. Molecular phylogenetic divergence estimates indicate that many of the dominant taxa arose during Cenozoic and Cretaceous; however, fossil record from these time periods is poor. One occurrence such Cretaceous pertains to six volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits in Troodos ophiolite Cyprus. These r...

A larval argasid tick (Acari: Ixodida: Argasidae) is described from a single specimen preserved in amber from New Jersey. The amber is dated as Turonian, 90Ð94 mya, and thereby doubles the age of the oldest fossil in the mite order Parasitiformes. The specimen shows general characteristics of the genus Carios, but is unique because of its pattern of dorsal setae, featuring a double row of poste...

Angiosperms evolved rapidly in the late Mesozoic. Data from the genetic-based approach called ’molecular clock’ permit an evaluation of the radiation of flowering plants through geological time and of the possible influences of Mesozoic mass extinctions. A total of 261 divergence ages of angiosperm families are considered. The radiation of flowering plants peaked in the Albian, early Campanian,...

The mid-Cretaceous (Albian and Cenomanian, 113–93.9 Myr) marked a transformative interval of shark evolution during which lamniforms (mackerel sharks) diversified as dominant marine predators. Yet, their radiation dynamics relative to major biotic turnovers delimiting the Albian–Cenomanian Cenomanian–Turonian boundaries are incompletely understood. Here, we use high-resolution dental fossil rec...