The scattering and absorption of light by water molecules and by suspended and dissolved matter (turbidity) degrade image transmission and, thus, underwater perception. We tested the effects on visual detection of prey size and distance (affecting apparent prey size) and of low-level water turbidity in hand-reared great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) diving for natural prey (fish) in...

—Environmental factors such as turbidity and habitat complexity affect many aspects of aquatic food webs, including predator–prey interactions. We examined the effects of turbidity (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 nephelometric turbidity units [NTU]) and cover (presence or absence) on prey selection by adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu (mean 6 SD 1⁄4 290 6 41 mm total length) in laboratory pools. Ind...

background & aims of the study: drinking polluted water can transmit diseases, so potable water treatment is one of the most challenging and complex systems in countries. continuous monitoring for evaluation process in water treatment plant is important. this study aims to investigate performance evaluation of qom water treatment plant to remove turbidity and coliform in 2005 - 2014. materials ...

Synoptic monitoring of estuaries, some of the most bio-diverse and productive environments on Earth, is essential to study small-scale water dynamics and its role on spatiotemporal variation in water quality important to indigenous marine species and surrounding human settlements. We present a detailed study of turbidity, an optical index of water quality, in Apalachicola Bay, Florida (USA) usi...

Surrogate measures like turbidity, which can be observed with high frequency in situ, have potential for generating high frequency estimates of total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations. In the semiarid, snowmelt-driven, and irrigation-regulated Little Bear River watershed of northern Utah, high frequency in situ water quality measurements were recorded in conjunctio...

We studied the effects of inorganic turbidity on the efficiency of perch (Perca fluviatilis) feeding on the cladoceran Sida crystallina attached to floating macrophyte leaves together with the effects of the floating leaves on the light environment. We expected feeding efficiency to decrease constantly along an increasing turbidity gradient without an enhancement in moderate turbidity values, a...

Recharge and contamination of karst aquifers often occur via the unsaturated zone, but the functioning of this zone has not yet been fully understood. Therefore, irrigation and tracer experiments, along with monitoring of rainfall events, were used to examine water percolation and the transport of solutes, particles, and fecal bacteria between the land surface and a water outlet into a shallow ...

The present study focuses on the discussion over the parameter of Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Sensitivity analysis is applied to assess the effect of the parameters of ANN on the prediction of turbidity of raw water in the water treatment plant. The result shows that transfer function of hidden layer is a critical parameter of ANN. When the transfer function changes, the reliability of pre...

The ~roblem of assessment of atmospheric turbidity caused by aerosol particles, vie., dust, smoke, haze, and other atmospheric pollutants, apart from the effect of variable water vapour content of the atmosphere, has been studied efreeh. The basic concept mderlying Linke's turbidity factor, T , has been found to be theoretically sound, dthough its quantitative formulation suffers from one major...

This paper describes the use of ocean color remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua satellite to characterize turbidity in Lake Okeechobee and its primary drainage basins, the Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie estuaries from 2002 to 2010. Drainage modification and agricultural development in southern Florida transport sediments and nutrient...