Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have recently attracted considerable interest as a promising candidate for applications in the next-generation non-volatile memory technology. In this work, using an ultrathin (3 nm) ferroelectric Sm0.1Bi0.9FeO3 layer as the tunnelling barrier and a semiconducting Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystal as the bottom electrode, we achieve a tunnelling electroresista...

Communication between different sub regions of the hippocampus is fundamental to learning and memory. However accurate knowledge about information transfer between sub regions from access to the activity in individual axons is lacking. MEMS devices with microtunnels connecting two sub networks have begun to approach this problem but the commonly used 10 μm wide tunnels frequently measure signal...

Nest ventilation in the leaf-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri is driven via a wind-induced mechanism. On their nests, workers construct small turrets that are expected to facilitate nest ventilation. We hypothesized that the construction and structural features of the turrets would depend on the colony's current demands for ventilation and thus might be influenced by the prevailing environmental ...

To gain insight into the evolution of flower traits in generalized food-deceptive plant Iris pumila, we assessed color, size, shape, and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) three functionally distinct floral organs—outer perianths (‘falls’), inner (‘standards’), style branches—and estimated pollinator-mediated selection on these traits. We evaluated perianth color as achromatic brightness fall, measured...

This paper describes a working method of assessing the shelter quality of a wind-break, hedge or shelterbelt by a single field measurement, using portable equipment, deployed by an operative with minimal training on any day when the wind is suitable. The automated measurement yields a single characterisation parameter used to access an “expert system” database of information quantifying the ben...

The occurrence state of groundwater in a karst area has significant impact on the tunnel lining structure. is more during construction. This paper used numerical simulation to study grouting reinforcement range Liaoshan Tunnel. was based critical water rich height. Under Grade IV and V surrounding rock, points were 230 m 240 deep, respectively. vertical horizontal stress seepage flow arch crown...

Particle dynamics in aeolian saltation has been studied in a boundary layer wind tunnel above beds composed of quartz grains having diameters of either 254 μm or 320 μm. The cross section of the tunnel is 600 mm × 900 mm and its thick boundary layer allows precise estimation of the fluid friction speed. Saltation is modelled using a numerical saltation model and predicted grain speeds agree fai...

We present transport measurements of silicon MOS split gate structures with and without Sb implants. We observe classical point contact (PC) behavior that is free of any pronounced unintentional resonances at liquid He temperatures. The implanted device has resonances superposed on the PC transport indicative of transport through the Sb donors. We fit the differential conductance to a rectangul...

Flow and traffic-originated pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon with avenue-like tree planting have been studied by means of wind tunnel and CFD investigations. The study comprises tree planting of different crown porosity, planted in two rows within a canyon of street width to building height ratio W/H = 2 and street length to building height ratio L/H = 10 exposed to a perpendicula...