makran subduction zone (msz) offshore of iran and pakistan is one of the most tsunamigenic sources in the indian ocean. historically, the msz has generated some tsunamigenic earthquakes like that of 28 november 1945 with the death tool of more than 4000 people along the coasts of iran, pakistan, india, and oman. in this study, the tsunami hazard associated with the msz is investigated. at first...

[1] The massive tsunami generated by the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0) was widely recorded by GPS buoys, wave gauges, and ocean bottom pressure sensors around the source. Numerous inversions for finite‐fault slip time histories have been performed using seismic and/ or geodetic observations, yielding generally consistent patterns of large co‐seismic slip offshore near the hypocenter ...

Tsunami propagation is analyzed for the Ligurian Sea with particular attention on the French coasts of the Mediterranean. Historical data of tsunami manifestation on the French coast are analyzed for the period 2000 B.C.– 1991 A.D. Numerical simulations of potential and historical tsunamis in the Ligurian Sea are done in the context of the nonlinear shallow water theory. Tsunami wave heights as...

Huge tsunami waves associated with megathrust earthquakes have a severe impact on shallow marine ecosystems. We investigated the impact of a tsunami generated by the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake on the seafloor and large benthic animals in muddy and sandy ria coasts (Otsuchi and Funakoshi bays) in northeastern Japan. We conducted underwater field surveys using scuba equipment in water depths...

The speed of tsunami waves is typically calculated using the shallow-water 3 approximation over a rigid-body Earth. Recent comparisons of tsunami arrival 4 times from the March 11, 2011 tsunami suggest, however, that the standard for-5 mulation has errors around the one percent level, and it has been suggested that 6 the elasticity of the Earth can explain the discrepancy. While previous work h...

[1] The 25 October 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia earthquake (Mw 7.8) ruptured the shallow portion of the subduction zone seaward of the Mentawai islands, off‐shore of Sumatra, generating 3 to 9 m tsunami run‐up along southwestern coasts of the Pagai Islands that took at least 431 lives. Analyses of teleseismic P, SH and Rayleigh waves for finite‐fault source rupture characteristics indicate ∼90 s ru...

In the vast literature on tsunami research, few articles have been devoted to energy issues. A theoretical investigation on the energy of waves generated by bottom motion is performed here. We start with the full incompressible Euler equations in the presence of a free surface and derive both dispersive and non-dispersive shallowwater equations with an energy equation. It is shown that dispersi...

Considered here are Boussinesq systems of equations of surface water wave theory over a variable bottom. A simplified such Boussinesq system is derived and solved numerically by the standard Galerkin-finite element method. We study by numerical means the generation of tsunami waves due to bottom deformation and we compare the results with analytical solutions of the linearized Euler equations. ...

[1] The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake (Mw 9.2–9.3) generated the most deadly tsunami in history. Yet within the first hour, the true danger of a major oceanwide tsunami was not indicated by seismic magnitude estimates, which were far too low (Mw 8.0–8.5). This problem relates to the inherent saturation of early seismicwave methods. Here we show that the earthquake’s true size and tsunami ...

The tsunami source of the 2016 Fukushima Earthquake, which was generated by a normal faulting earthquake mech‐ anism, is estimated by inverting the tsunami waveforms that were recorded by seven tide gauge stations and two wave gauge stations along the north Pacific coast of Japan. Two fault models based on different available moment tensor solutions were employed, and their locations were const...